粉喷桩的应用研究综述

粉喷桩具有低污染、低噪音、有效实用、施工简便快捷、施工工期短、技术效果好和费用底等特点而受到普遍关注,但其也存在一定的不足。本文分析了粉喷桩在工程中应用的研究现状,介绍了粉喷桩与其他工程措施相结合的实例,并对以后的研究方向提出了看法。     

Behavior of Weak Soils Reinforced with End-Bearing Soil-Cement Columns Formed by the Deep Mixing Method

This article reports on a series of small-scale, plane strain, 1 g physical model tests designed to investigate the bearing capacity and failure mechanics of end-bearing soil-cement columns formed via Deep Mixing (DM). Pre-formed soil-cement columns, 24 mm in diameter and 200 mm in length, were installed in a soft clay bed using a replacement method; the columns represented improvement area ratios, a_p, of 17%, 26%, and 35% beneath a rigid foundation of width 100 mm. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was implemented in conjunction with close-range photogrammetry in order to track soil displacement during loading, from which the failure mechanisms were derived. Bearing capacity performance was verified using Ultimate Limit State numerical analysis, with the results comparing favorably to the analytical static and kinematic solutions proposed by previous researchers. A new equation for bearing capacity was derived from this numerical analysis based on the improvement area ratio and cohesion ratio of the soil column and ground model.     

不同水泥土混合桩周围土体的扰动与强度恢复

针对由深层搅拌法或高压旋喷法施工的水泥土混合桩周围土体的扰动与强度恢复的问题,采用两种常用的施工法：高压旋喷混合法（简称旋喷法）和水泥浆搅拌混合法（简称湿法）,在日本有明黏土中施工以观测周围土体力学特性的变化。测试结果表明,水泥土混合桩周围土体的扰动程度与其施工方法有关;两种不同施工方法施工后周围土体的当日强度与原状土的强度之比分别是0.42（旋喷法）和0.68（湿法）,施工30 d后,旋喷法有44 %,湿法有40 %的初始强度得到恢复。结果亦表明周围土体模量恢复要慢于强度恢复的速度。     

夯实水泥土桩荷载传递规律的试验研究

针对夯实水泥土桩的施工方法,在桩身埋设特制的应变传感器,测定桩身应变,进而计算桩身轴力,由此得出桩侧摩阻力,在此基础上分析夯实水泥土桩荷载传递规律及侧摩阻力的分布特征。结果表明,由于夯实水泥土桩体强度的限制,荷载沿桩身的传递限定在浅层一定范围内,桩身变形、轴向荷载、桩侧摩阻力分布主要发生在此范围内,而且变化梯度较大。     

夯实水泥土桩法在湿陷性黄土地区的应用

介绍了湿陷性黄土的基本特性,结合工程实例,说明夯实水泥土桩法处理湿陷性黄土地基的原理、施工工艺及应用效果,提出了施工中注意的问题,为在本地区推广应用提供参考。     

深层搅拌法在真空预压后地基工程上的应用

为使经真空预压首期加固后的地基承载力从80 kPa提高到230kPa,设计采用深层搅拌法-水泥搅拌桩二次加固软弱地基.经现场成桩工艺试验和检测表明,桩身水泥土强度在90 d龄期时＞1.80 MPa,单桩承载力标准值＞150kN;以φ600桩径、桩长13.5 m、置换率为0.308和φ500桩径、桩长13.5m、置换率为0.267两种方案布置的复合地基承载力标准值均超过了设计要求.     

氯盐和冻融耦合下水泥土的强度和破坏特征

为了研究氯盐侵蚀和冻融循环耦合下水泥土无侧限抗压强度和破坏特征, 进行了不同浓度氯化钠溶液下的水泥土冻融循环试验, 得到了冻融前后的冻融腐蚀因子、 体积变化率和变形模量, 分析了微观结构特征。结果表明： 在氯盐侵蚀和冻融循环耦合下, 水泥土的无侧限抗压强度、 冻融腐蚀因子均随着冻融循环次数的增加而呈现下降趋势; 氯盐浓度越高, 水泥土的无侧限抗压强度、 冻融腐蚀因子下降的幅度越大。随着冻融循环次数的增加, 在同种浓度溶液中, 水泥土的体积变化率增大, 变形模量减小; 氯盐浓度增大, 水泥土体积膨胀变大, 内部结构松散, 抵抗变形的能力减弱。相同冻融循环次数下, 氯盐溶液产生的损伤要大于清水中的损伤, 随着氯盐溶液浓度的增加, 水泥土内部微观结构损伤越严重。     

夯实水泥土桩复合地基有效桩长与桩身强度关系试验研究

通过室内模型试验,实测得到水泥土材料的破坏形式、夯实水泥土桩复合地基桩土荷载分担比、桩土应力比、桩间土深层变形等承载及变形性状。给出了文中试验条件下,给定桩身强度的夯实水泥土桩复合地基的有效桩长或有效复合土层厚度,认为设计夯实水泥土桩复合地基时,应考虑桩身强度对承载力的影响桩体,设计应以桩身强度控制,使由桩身强度确定的单桩承载力大于（或等于）由桩周土和桩端土的抗力所提供的单桩承载力。     

Assessment of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cement Stabilized Marine Clay

Two aspects of deep mixing method, the difference relating strength gain in dry jet mixing (DJM, reagent powder introduced into the ground) and cement deep mixing (CDM, reagent slurry introduced into the ground), and prediction of unconfined compressive strength of cement stabilized marine clay, are discussed in this paper. The first part of this paper concentrates on the difference between DJM and CDM on strength gain, and suggests a guideline for DJM and CDM selection. An indicator in terms of water content ratio, which is defined as the ratio of water content to the liquid limit of the soil, is presented by statistical analysis from the laboratory and field test data as a guideline for the selection of DJM or CDM. Based on the laboratory test data, a mathematical model relating strength gain of cement stabilized marine clay to related variables is developed. A new simple index designated as total water-cement ratio, which is defined as the ratio of water weight in the soil-cement to the weight of cement in dry state, is proposed for interpretation of test data of soil-cement. The proposed method is then verified with available test data published by other different researchers.     

钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩加固软土地基的效果分析

针对水泥土搅拌桩应用中存在的问题,介绍了最新研制的钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩及其施工工艺。施工质量检验表明,钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩桩体质量好于常规水泥土搅拌桩,钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩单桩及复合地基承载力分别较常规水泥土搅拌桩的单桩及复合地基承载力有较大提高。通过对试验段的观测成果分析,论证了钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩加固软土地基优越的工程特性。