海洋表面膜特征的SAR图像探测

讨论并分析各种成因类型的海洋表面膜特征及其在海洋ＳＡＲ图像中影像特征。对渤海湾的ＳＡＲ图像中的表面膜特征进行检测并对这些表面膜特征成因进行了分类。     

An alternative approach to determine critical angle of contrast reversal and surface roughness of oil slicks under sunglint

The critical angle is the angle at which the contrast of oil slicks reverse their contrasts against the surrounding oil-free seawater under sunglint. Accurate determination of the critical angle can help estimate surface roughness and refractive index of the oil slicks. Although it’s difficult to determine a certain critical angle, the potential critical angle range help to improve the estimation accuracy. In this study, the angle between the viewing direction and the direction of mirror reflection is used as an indicator for quantifying the critical angle and could be calculated from the solar/viewing geometry from observations of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The natural seep oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico were first delineated using a customized segmentation approach to remove noise and apply a morphological filter. On the basis of the histograms of the brightness values of the delineated oil slicks, the potential range of the critical angle was determined, and then an optimal critical angle between oil slicks and seawater was then determined from statistical and regression analyses in this range. This critical angle corresponds to the best fitting between the modeled and observed surface roughness of seep oil slicks and seawater.     

Simulating the migration of drifters deployed in the Bay of Biscay, during the Prestige crisis

A main conclusion following the oil spill from the Prestige tanker was that improvements in ocean circulation models were necessary; this was in order to predict, more accurately, the trajectories followed by the oil slicks and hence assist in fight against oil pollution operations. In this contribution, the results of the validation of a semi-empirical ocean circulation model, parameterised for the Bay of Biscay and forced with operational oceano-meteorological remote sensing observations, are shown. The model results have been validated with observations from drifting buoys, deployed in the Bay of Biscay during the crisis. The results show that the model explains a relatively large percentage of the current variability. The comparisons between the real and the estimated drifter trajectories indicate that for 3, 5 and 7 day-long trajectories, the drifter position is estimated with errors of approximately 23, 35 and 46km, respectively. The model reproduces relatively well the trajectory followed by the drifter with the shortest period (23 days).     

SAR影像中海洋浮油膜特征分割的Level Set方法

介绍了一种全新的区域影像分割技术--基于迎风格式偏微分方程（PDE）的Level Set方法进行海洋浮油膜特征提取.在该方法中,海洋浮油膜特征表示为扩散界面,影像灰度的梯度决定了界面扩散的方向和强度.界面边缘在影像灰度差异动力和曲率流的共同作用下不断向外扩散,能够有效地克服尖锐突起和裂缝等,在特征边缘趋于稳定和光滑.同时,该方法对高噪声具有一定抑制作用,适用于低对比度高噪声图像,特别是SAR图象中特征提取.以不同地区ERS-2 SAR图像中海洋浮油膜提取为例,进行方法验证,同时对传统的影像分割技术进行对比.     

Old marine seismic and new satellite radar data: Petroleum exploration of north west Labrador Sea,Canada

This paper presents some new concepts in the petroleum systems of the northern Labrador and southern Baffin Island offshore region of eastern Canada. The focus of this work is the region of the Hekja O-71 gas discovery of 1979 by Aquitaine, one of only five wells drilled between 1976 and 1980 within an area covering some 166,000 square kilometers within the Saglek Basin.     

Measurements of biomass and activity of neustonic microorganisms

Microlayer samples from a coastal marine area near Marseilles (France) collected in 1979 and 1980 have been analysed for POC, PON, chlorophyll a, ATP, cell counts, carbon fixation and in some cases for heterotrophic activity. Comparison of microlayer data with those of underlying water showed in most cases enrichment of organic matter and microorganisms in the surface microlayer. Carbon fixation values were comparable to those observed at 0·50 m except in the slicks, where phytoneustonic activity was higher than that of the underlying phytoplankton. Though total heterotrophic activity was higher in the surface film, the turnover time was not significantly different in both microlayer and underlying water. Our data show that enrichment is highly dependent on sea conditions; whenever slicks are present, the surface film seems to function like an eutrophic system, including active living material, although detritus is regularly present in large amounts.     

用长效肥料提高微生物分解海面油膜试验

氮和磷是限制海洋油污生物降解的重要因素,采用可被微生物分解的两种蜡的混合物,把含有10:1的氮和磷的无机盐粉末包埋起来,制成亲油性且能与油膜漂浮在一起的长效肥料。在室内进行促进海水表面柴油油膜的生物氧化实验,结果表明:制备的长效肥料有促进油膜中烃类氧化微生物的生长和柴油的生物降解作用,实验9天除油率达到57 4％,对照实验仅24.5％。