鲐鱼灯光围网渔船水上集鱼灯水中照度分布及优化配置的理论计算

采用叠加法照度计算模式,根据一组鲐鱼灯光围网渔船中3艘不同渔船的水上集鱼灯布置参数,使用自行开发的水上集鱼灯水下光场计算系统,对各船的水中照度分布进行了计算,获得船舷右侧中部水深方向200 m范围内不同深度的照度,并使用Surfer 8.0软件绘制等值曲线图,结果表明:主灯船在总功率为180 kW的情况下,10 lx的等照度曲线水平方向最远在56 m左右,水深方向不超过20 m;离船水平距离40 m、垂直距离40 m处的照度约为0.01 lx。副灯船在总功率为120 kW的情况下,10 lx的等照度曲线水平方向最远在46 m左右,水深方向不超过18 m;离船水平距离33 m、垂直距离38 m处的照度约为0.01 lx。网船在总功率为40 kW的情况下,10 lx的等照度曲线水平方向最远在45 m左右,水深方向不超过15 m;离船水平距离30 m、垂直距离35 m处的照度为0.01 lx左右。从集鱼灯的配置情况来看,主灯船、副灯船与网船目前的配置均较好,但主灯船在灯距增大到0.26 m、灯高增大到5 m时可增加1.6%的有效水体体积,副灯船在灯距减少到0.28 m、灯高增大到5 m时可增加2.1%的有效水体体积,网船在灯距增大到0.64 m、灯高增大到9 m时可增加1.7%的有效水体体积。计算结果还表明,大幅度的增加光诱渔船的集鱼灯功率并不能很有效的提高该船的光诱范围。     

中西太平洋金枪鱼围网技术及存在的问题

金枪鱼围网产量约占全球金枪鱼捕获量的70%,发展金枪鱼围网渔业具有广阔的前景.本文根据中鲁远洋渔业股份有限公司金枪鱼围网渔船的作业情况,分析了围网作业中的一些捕捞技术,并探讨了在发展该项目中存在的问题.     

东海鲐鱼资源和渔场时空分布特征的研究

根据1998~2003年我国东海大型灯光围网企业生产统计数据,利用灰色关联评价等数理方法对东海鲐鱼资源和渔场的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,主要作业渔场在经度上分布无差异,85%以上产量分布在122°E~124°E海域,而作业渔场在纬度上分布差异明显,但主要分布在26°N~28°N和30°N~31°N海域。较高平均网次产量(20 t/net)的海域主要集中在123°E~124°E、26°N~28°N及123°E~124°E、30°N~31°N海域。灰色关联度表明,6年间,以1999年鲐鱼资源状况最好,其次为2002年,2000年最差,1998年、2003年和2001年处于中间水平。分析认为,2000年鲐鱼资源最差可能与1999年捕捞产量过高造成亲鱼量急剧下降、夏季渔场水温偏低和鲐鱼资源的周期性波动等因素有关。     

我国金枪鱼围网渔业的初步研究

报道2002年6月至2003年5月两艘围网渔船在中西太平洋围捕金枪鱼及每月作业状况。结果显示,70%的网次围捕浮水鱼群,其空网率达52.5%,30%的网次围捕流木鱼群,其空网率为9.5%;渔获物中鲣鱼(Katsuwonuspelamis)占90%,优势体长为40～60cm,黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnasalbacares)占10%左右,优势体长为100～150cm;作业渔场位于5°N～5°S,137°E～178°E;两艘船每月的空网率为9%～64%,每月渔获量在185～940t之间波动,平均有效网次产量不低于20t,最大网次产量为260t。     

Feeding habits of two fish species in relation to invertebrate drift in a New Zealand river

The relationship between the composition of the invertebrate drift fauna and the feeding habits of the common river galaxias Galaxias vulgaris and the upland bully Phily pnodon breviceps was examined in the Glentui River, Canterbury, New Zealand, between 1500 h on 12 November and 1500 h on 13 November 1971. The drift consisted of both night‐active and day‐active components. Galaxias vulgaris fed mainly at night, with peaks of feeding at dusk and dawn. Philypnodon breviceps had two peaks of feeding, at midday and midnight, between the peak feeding times of G. vulgaris. Feeding of G. vulgaris on its major food items coincided with the presence of the food items in the drift, whereas feeding of P. breviceps did not coincide with the occurrence of the food items in the drift. It is concluded that G. vulgaris is primarily an open‐water feeder and that P. breviceps searches for food on the river bed.     

大西洋大眼金枪鱼渔业概况

大西洋大眼金枪鱼（Ｔｈｕｎｎｕｓ ｏｂｅｓｕｓ）是高经济价值鱼种,其分布几乎覆盖整个大西洋水域。研究大西洋大眼金枪鱼的渔业对于我国远洋渔业意义重大。所以在此对其渔业及资源状况进行研究。根据三种主要渔业（延绳钓、围网和竿钓）的渔获量,可看出大眼金枪鱼渔业的发展概况。为了分析资源状况,文中使用了Ｗａｌｔｉｒｓ ａｎｄ Ｈｉｌｂｏｒｎ（１９７６）产量模型。其结果是９９．６千公吨的最大持续产量和１１４．７     

The simulation of the geometry of a tuna purse seine under current and drift of purse seiner

It was necessary to obtain a more practical interactive precise model of the three-dimensional (3-D) geometry during purse seine operations considering movements of fishing vessel and details of the sea condition. The changes in the shape of a purse seine from shooting to pursing during pelagic skipjack fishing was recorded in the Southwest Pacific Ocean by photographs of the scanning sonar with in situ measurements of water flow by a current meter. The modeling of 3-D geometry during purse seining was established using finite element methods, as resultant force vector from flow drag, buoyancy, sinking force, tension of pulling or pursing acting on net panels in connection with drift of fishing vessel with time elapsed from the start of shooting to the end of pursing. The simulation results were matched closely by field measurements as a heart-like shape in upper net near floatline and a water-drop shape in purse line following drift of ship towards inside net circle during pursing. This model of a purse seine can be extended to almost any kind of purse seine generating real fishing parameters and to modeling fish capture process.     

中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业鲣鱼资源的时空分布

利用灰色关联度方法及渔业地理信息系统软件Marine Explorer4.0对1990~2001年中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业鲣鱼资源的时空变化进行了研究,结果表明,12年间中西太平洋鲣鱼产量的空间分布可归为3类:1990、1991、1995和1996年的为第一类,鲣鱼产量的主要分布区位于西部海域;1998、1999和2001年的为第二类,鲣鱼产量的主要分布区比第一类偏东20个经度;1992、1993、1994、1997和2000年的为第三类,鲣鱼产量的主要分布区的范围比前两类广。单位捕捞努力量的鲣鱼渔获量高分布区与产量空间分布区基本相似。灰色关联度的分析表明,12年中,1998、2000、1994、1995和1999年5年的鲣鱼资源丰度较高,1990、1991、1997和2001年4年的鲣鱼资源丰度较低,1996、1992和1993年3年的鲣鱼资源丰度处于中等水平。     

Biodiversity and environmental characteristics of the bycatch assemblages from the tropical tuna purse seine fisheries in the eastern Atlantic Ocean

The impact of human activities such as fishing has been identified as a main factor in diversity loss in the open ocean. This paper studies the diversity patterns and environmental characteristics of the bycatch assemblages in Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and Free School sets (sets made on schools of tuna) from the tropical tuna purse seine fishery in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (35°W–15°E and 20°N–15°S). Data were collected from scientific observer programmes carried out between 2003 and 2011 on board Spanish and French fleets. The results showed different structure and diversity patterns of the bycatch assemblages depending on the fishing mode, with higher number of species and diversity found in FAD sets than in Free School sets. Bycatch assemblages showed preferences for specific oceanographic characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean, such as the equatorial and seasonal coastal upwelling systems, the Cape Lopez front system and the Guinea dome. The type of set and sea surface temperature play an important role to describe the diversity patterns of these species. These results confirm the importance of integrating different methods to study the marine ecosystem towards the correct implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fishery Management (EAFM).