Hydrographic Vertical Separation Surfaces (HyVSEPs) for the Tidal Waters of Canada

Since the advent of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, it has been possible to perform hydrographic survey reductions through the ellipsoid, which has the potential to simplify operations and improve bathymetric products. This technique requires a spatially continuous separation surface connecting chart datum (CD) to a geodetic ellipsoid. The Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS), with support from the Canadian Geodetic Survey, has developed a new suite of such surfaces, termed Hydrographic Vertical Separations Surfaces, or HyVSEPs, for CD and seven tidal levels. They capture the spatial variability of the tidal datum and levels between tide gauges and offshore using semiempirical models coupling observations at tide stations with relative sea-level rise estimates, dynamic ocean model solutions, satellite altimetry, and a geoid model. HyVSEPs are available for all tidal waters of Canada, covering over seven million square kilometers of ocean and more than 200,000 kilometers of shoreline. This document provides an overview of the CHS's modeling approach, tools, methods, and procedures.

The HyVSEP for CD defines the new hydrographic datum for the tidal waters of Canada. HyVSEPs for other tidal levels are fundamental for coastal studies, climate change adaptation and the definition of the Canadian shoreline and offshore boundaries. HyVSEPs for inland waters are not discussed.     

A Method for Automatically Selecting Aids to Navigation Based on their Spatial Influence Domains

To address the limitations of manually selecting aids to navigation (AtNs) on charts, a method for automatically selecting AtNs based on their spatial influence domains (SIDs) is proposed. First, the associations between the spatial attributes of an AtN are analyzed. Second, an SID of the AtN is defined, and a model of the SID is constructed based on the associations between the spatial attributes. Third, the importance of the location of the AtN is weighted based on the SID model. Fourth, an algorithm to automatically select AtNs based on the maximum coverage of the SIDS of preselected AtNs is developed. Finally, several AtNs are selected automatically using the algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that (1) the proposed method can automatically select AtNs and the results comply with the requirements; (2) the automatic selection can eliminate the human-induced errors or the inconsistent results of manual selections from different operators; and (3) the efficiency of the proposed method is higher than that of current manual methods.     

常用海图投影平面上大椭圆航线的表象与曲率分析

利用空间矢量方法推导出了椭球面上只与起止点地理坐标有关的大椭圆航线方程,代入4种常用海图投影的正解公式,得到不同投影平面上的大椭圆参数方程;利用上述参数方程进而推导出了不同投影面上大椭圆航线的曲率与曲率半径公式。选取伦敦到纽约的大椭圆航线为例,通过绘制不同投影面上的大椭圆航线并分析其曲率、曲率半径变化曲线可知,大椭圆航线在日晷投影上的表象为曲率处处为0的直线,而在其他投影面上的表象为曲率较小但不断变化的曲线。利用推导的曲率半径公式可以计算各类大椭圆航线上任意位置的“代曲直距”,方便在不同比例尺的海图上对大椭圆航线进行量测和绘制,提高作图效率。     

MAPGIS点文件数据自动导入CARIS的研究

详细介绍了MAPGIS点文件数据与CARIS系统注记数据的属性以及数据之间的对应关系,通过程序读取MAPGIS中点文件数据,并写入CARIS批处理文件,最后导入CARIS系统,实现了MAPGIS点文件数据在CARIS系统中的自动导入。     

国外航海保障体系研究与启示

通过对以英国、美国和日本为代表的国外航海保障体系的研究,重点从组织结构与人员构成、技术支持与主要产品、质量管理与服务体系几方面分析了的国外航海保障体系的先进性,指出其对我国航海保障体系发展的启示之处,提出了我方的改进方向。     

一种建立局域无缝海图深度基准面的方法

根据海洋测绘中垂直基准构建的需求,提出了一种基于主成分-逐步回归分析的建立局域无缝海图深度基准面的方法。在此基础上,利用中国某海区多个验潮站深度基准面值及分潮调和常数振幅,建立了该海区局域无缝深度基准面值回归方程。实例计算表明,该方法所建立的局域海区无缝海图深度基准面值能够达到厘米级精度,可为海图深度基准面体系的重新构建提供技术支持。     

Automatic Sounding Generalization in Nautical Chart Considering Bathymetry Complexity Variations

Sounding acts as the main feature in a digital nautical chart as it describes the concerned marine topography for the safety of navigation. Unlike the geometry-oriented selection of point feature, the generalization of soundings for chart compiling is expected to be context-oriented, which means bathymetry complexity variations across the study region should be preserved in the sounding selection process. However, such variations are not explicitly accessible to automated systems. This paper proposes an approach that effectively analyzes and measures bathymetry complexity from sounding data, with a focus on topography variations among different regions. The presented approach first divides the exploring region into several subregions, by adopting techniques of computational geometry and graph theory. Then, the approach quantitatively measures the bathymetry complexity of the subregions from grid-based digital terrain model. Finally, a composite bathymetry complexity index integrating aspects of steepness and depth variation is developed to guide the operation of sounding selection in different subregions. Generally, when seafloor is rugged with steep slopes, the number of soundings is high. While in flatter areas, a smaller amount of soundings is retained. The potential of our approach is demonstrated by an application to a real data set.     

地质实验室绘制标准曲线的数学模拟法

本文讨论了一种新的绘制标准曲线方法——数学模拟法。该方法不仅具有作图法的度和实验意义,而且还有线性回归法的数学意义。     

《海道测量规范》修订的若干问题

根据15年来GB12327-1998《海道测量规范》的使用情况和海洋测绘新技术的发展,针对《海道测量规范》的指导思想、框架结构、技术方法、技术指标等方面进行了探讨,提出了相应的修订建议,以进一步增强规范的先进性、科学性、权威性。     

基于ArcGIS for Maritime的海事测绘信息数据库构建

针对海事测绘信息数据的特点建立统一的数据库,对数据进行规范的组织、存储和管理是海事测绘信息数据服务海洋发展的关键环节。本文归纳了海事测绘信息数据的常见类型,针对各类数据提出了数据库构建方案,以海事测绘部门数据集为基础,进行了海事测绘信息建库的实践,为实现海事测绘的信息化、智能化和规范化服务探索了一条新的途径。