鱼类矢耳石形态分析及其在群体识别中的应用实例研究

利用表征性耳石形态变量(大小变量和轮廓变量)分析方法研究了渤海近岸与长江口水域四个刀鲚(Coilia nasus)群体的识别问题,对比分析了协方差(ANCOVA)校正法和异速生长(allometric growth)校正法在耳石形态分析中去除体长效应的应用效果。研究结果表明,两种体长校正法对四个群体的判别分析结果未产生显著影响,总体识别成功率分别为50.3%和56.5%,群体内个体识别成功率分别为39.5%—90.0%和34.0%—65.1%;长江口水域不同体长组刀鲚个体的耳石形态差异显著,表明其耳石形态特质随鱼类个体生长而变化,协方差校正法和异速生长校正方法的体长组别间的总体识别成功率分别为94.8%和98.8%。整体上,耳石轮廓变量(如矩形趋近率、圆度、分形维数、傅立叶系数等)对刀鲚群体间或体长组别间识别的贡献值高于耳石大小变量(如周长、平均直径、重量、面积等),而二者结合能更有效地识别各地理群体或体长组别个体。     

Otolith microchemical evidence revealing multiple spawning site origination of the anadromous tapertail anchovy (Coilia nasus) in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary

The estuarine tapertail anchovy(Coilia nasus) is a high-value commercial fish. Estimating the spawning site or hatchery origin and habitat is essential for its conservation. This study aimed to determine the habitat use and life history characteristics of C. nasus from the Changjiang River Estuary. We investigated the environmental signatures of strontium(Sr) and calcium(Ca) in the otoliths of the collected specimens using electron probe microanalysis; additionally, we examined their gonadal mat...     

刀鲚、凤鲚和湖鲚矢耳石的形态学比较研究

选取凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、湖鲚(Coilia nasus taihuensis)以及采自崇明、黄海和瓯江口3个水域的刀鲚(Coilia hasps)的矢耳石为对象,描述了这些鱼类耳石的形态特征,并进一步使用基于12组形态数据的框架测量进行了种间和种内比较和判别分析.结果表明耳石形态的差异种间较种内更为明显...     

一种刀鲚生态养殖模式的构建

刀鲚(Coilianasus)是长江珍稀名贵的生殖洄游性、肉食性鱼类,自2020年1月1日0时起,长江10年内全面禁止刀鲚生产性捕捞。与此同时,衍生出刀鲚池塘养殖、工厂化养殖和网箱养殖模式,在这些养殖模式中,由于刀鲚长期处于肥水和高密度的养殖环境内,自身处于不安全的状态下,造成自身的免疫机能受到抑制和抗病力下降,导致养殖成活率低或大量死亡现象,造成刀鲚养殖规模一直没有大的进展。本研究通过对刀鲚各个生长发育过程的特征解析,将刀鲚生活史划分为水花开口、乌仔、稚鱼(夏花)、幼鱼和成鱼5个生长阶段,同时将刀鲚养殖所涉及的生态系统划分为浮游植物、原生动物、轮虫(卵)、枝角类、桡足类、底栖动物幼体、鱼(虾)苗、软靡、微囊配合饲料和有机碎屑、微生物8个层次,通过结合非生态系统构建了刀鲚生态养殖系统模式。通过构建该生态养殖模式对刀鲚养殖模式进行更加深入的研究和探讨,从而助力刀鲚产业的快速发展。     

Comparing different spatial interpolation methods to predict the distribution of fishes: A case study of Coilia nasus in the Changjiang River Estuary

Spatial-temporal distribution of marine fishes is strongly influenced by environmental factors. To obtain a more continuous distribution of these variables usually measured by stationary sampling designs, spatial interpolation methods(SIMs) is usually used. However, different SIMs may obtain varied estimation values with significant differences, thus affecting the prediction of fish spatial distribution. In this study, different SIMs were used to obtain continuous environmental variables(water depth, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen(DO), p H,chlorophyll a and chemical oxygen demand(COD)) in the Changjiang River Estuary(CRE), including inverse distance weighted(IDW) interpolation, ordinary Kriging(OK)(semivariogram model: exponential(OKE),Gaussian(OKG) and spherical(OKS)) and radial basis function(RBF)(regularized spline function(RS) and tension spline function(TS)). The accuracy and effect of SIMs were cross-validated, and two-stage generalized additive model(GAM) was used to predict the distribution of Coilia nasus from 2012 to 2014 in CRE. DO and COD were removed before model prediction due to their autocorrelation coefficient based on variance inflation factors analysis. Results showed that the estimated values of environmental variables obtained by the different SIMs differed(i.e., mean values, range etc.). Cross-validation revealed that the most suitable SIMs of water depth and chlorophyll a was IDW, water temperature and salinity was RS, and p H was OKG. Further, different interpolation results affected the predicted spatial distribution of Coilia nasus in the CRE. The mean values of the predicted abundance were similar, but the differences between and among the maximum value were large. Studies showed that different SIMs can affect estimated values of the environmental variables in the CRE(especially salinity).These variations further suggest that the most applicable SIMs to each variable will also differ. Thus, it is necessary to take these potential impacts into consideration when studying the relationship between the spatial distribution of fishes and environmental changes in the CRE.     

长江口刀鲚幼鱼耳石碳、氧同位素特征初报

为了解长江口刀鲚(Coilia nasus)耳石中碳、氧稳定同位素的特征及其可能反映出的生态学意义,作者利用稳定同位素质谱分析技术,首次对长江口刀鲚幼鱼的耳石进行碳、氧稳定同位素的初步研究。结果显示,δ13C和δ18O分别为–12.1±1.8(‰VPDB)和–7.9±1.2(‰VPDB),总体上δ13C波动较大,而δ18O波动较小。基于个体的δ13C和δ18O散点分布可将本研究中的刀鲚归为两个组,可能起源于长江中两个不同孵化场水域的群体,其中δ18O显示出两组刀鲚所经历环境积温上的差异,反映出两者起源水域温度环境的不同;而δ13C的差异说明两组刀鲚在饵料组成上的有所差异。     

长江中下游流域刀鲚(Coilia nasus)生态表型的划分

长江流域是我国刀鲚(Coilia nasus)分布的重要水域传统意义上认为,刀鲚存在长颌鲚和短颌鲚2种表现型,其上颌骨的长或短是区分刀鲚溯河洄游、淡水陆封(湖鲚)和淡水定居3种生态型的关键外形指标然而这种主观分型经验尚需要野外调查数据验证本研究基于以往研究所获溯河洄游和淡水栖息刀鲚不同的耳石微化学图谱技术,首先对采集自长江中下游及附属湖泊的刀鲚群体共566尾个体有无溯河洄游"履历"进行了分析确认;再对其上颌骨长、头长、全长进行方差分析和回归分析结果发现长颌鲚、短颌鲚在早期发育阶段,长、短颌特征分化并不明显当发育至幼鱼阶段时,前者上颌骨长会长于头长;而后者全生活史过程中上颌骨长均短于头长发育至幼鱼阶段可能是刀鲚长、短颌鲚分型的临界生活史阶段此外,长颌鲚中同时存在溯河洄游和淡水定居两种生态型个体,其上颌骨长/头长比值(S/H)分别为1.170±0.075和1.165±0.064,两者S/H比值与形态上同为长颌的湖鲚比值(1.178±0.087)无显著性差异短颌鲚亦同时存在溯河洄游和淡水定居两种生态型个体,两者的S/H比值分别为0.922和0.918±0.062,与上述3类长颌鲚的S/H比值均差异极显著因此,建议把长江干流及太湖、鄱阳湖、洞庭湖等水域内3种传统生态型的刀鲚细分为溯河洄游型、淡水定居型长颌鲚,溯河洄游型、淡水定居型短颌鲚以及陆封型湖鲚5种生态表型.