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B. R. Schne K. W. Flessa D. L. Dettman D. H. Goodwin 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,58(4):715-726
We studied how the extensive diversion of Colorado River water, induced by dams and agricultural activities of the last 70 years, affected the growth rates of two abundant bivalve mollusk species (Chione cortezi and Chione fluctifraga) in the northern Gulf of California. Shells alive on the delta today (‘Post-dam’ shells) grow 5.8–27.9% faster than shells alive prior to the construction of dams (‘Pre-dam’ shells). This increase in annual shell production is linked to the currently sharply reduced freshwater influx to the Colorado River estuary. Before the upstream river management, lower salinity retarded growth rates in these bivalves. Intra-annual growth rates were 50% lower during spring and early summer, when river flow was at its maximum. Growth rates in Chione today are largely controlled by temperature and nutrients; prior to the construction of dams and the diversion of the Colorado River flow, seasonal changes in salinity played an important role in regulating calcification rates.Our study employs sclerochronological (growth increment analysis) and geochemical techniques to assess the impact of reduced freshwater influx on bivalve growth rates in the Colorado River estuary. A combination of both techniques provides an excellent tool to evaluate the impact of river management in areas where no pre-impact studies were made. 相似文献
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Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Mo, Cu, Pb, Yb, Y, Nb, Ti, Sr, Ba, Mn, Sc, Co, V, Zr, Fe, Al, W, Se, Bi, Sb, As, Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated. The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups. Of these, concentrations of 12 elements (As, Bi, Cd, Co, Ga, Mo, Nb, Sb, Se, Sc, W and Yb) are below zero [(0.053-0.79)×10^-6]; concentrations of seven elements (Cr, Ni, Pb, V, Y, Zr and Cu) are (1.0-6.0)×10^-6; concentrations of four elements (Ti, Mn, Ba and Zn) are 10- 20×10^-6; and concentrations of five elements (Si, Al, Fe, Mg and Sr) are (47.44-268.11)×10^-6. The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina (Linn6), Pitar rudis (Poli), Nassarius reticulatus (Linn6), Venerupis senescens (Coocconi), Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck), Mytilaster lineatus (Gemelin in Linne) and Chlamys glabra. It was found that, in mollusk taxonomy, the elements have unique values. In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks. In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment. Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment. 相似文献
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通过对黄土高原洛川、长武剖面最近35万年来陆生蜗牛化石的高分辨率研究,揭示出喜温湿和喜冷干蜗牛种类分别存在不同的变化周期:喜温湿类蜗牛化石所揭示的东亚夏季风的变化存在明显的41 000a和23 000a周期,与地轴倾角和岁差(低纬度太阳辐射)的变化周期有关;而反映冬季风变化的喜冷干蜗牛种类则表现出不同的变化特点,其主要为0.1Ma和41 000a的周期.冬、夏季风的变化与地轴倾角41 000a周期都存在很好的相关性,但与地球轨道的岁差(19 000~23 000a)及偏心率(0.1Ma)的周期没有一致的相关关系.在轨道尺度上冬、夏季风之间不存在此消彼长的简单变化模式. 相似文献
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本文通过对渭南黄土剖面末次盛冰期地层较高分辨率的蜗牛化石记录研究,发现这一时期特征蜗牛种类峰值的演替反映了古气候的演化过程和温,湿度的组合关系。气候变化显示出百年-千年尺度波动的特征,温度的变化明显地要早于湿度(降水)的变化1000-2000a,表现为变冷-冷湿-冷干-温干-温湿的气候过程,研究认为造成这一气候特点的原因是东亚冬,夏季风共同作用的结果,可喜温湿蜗牛种类的研究,揭示出东亚夏季风在这一时期至少能够持续地影响到黄土高原的东南部地区,这个时期冬季风强化的结果之一是影响了夏季风在这一地区滞留的时间,加大了季节性的差异,分析表明尽管夏季风在这一地区滞留的时间缩短,但维持了它固有的强度,提供了适量的水热条件供喜温湿蜗牛种类在这一寒冷阶段持续地生长和发育。 相似文献
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黄土中蜗牛壳Mn^2+的EPR研究及其古气候意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对黄土高原陕西省洛川和甘肃省西峰剖面中黄土-古土壤层中的蜗牛壳进行了EPR波谱分析,同时对洛川地区的现代蜗牛壳也进行了测定。结果显示:(1)不同种类的蜗牛壳具有相近的EPR信号强度,表明不同种类的蜗牛对Mn^2+的吸收没有差异性。(2)黄土层中蜗牛壳的EPR信号强度远大于占土壤中的,即黄土中蜗牛壳所含的Mn^2+远大于古土壤中的蜗牛壳的Mn^2+的含量,说明前者生活在比较还原的条件下,后者形成环境的氧化性较高。因此本认为为蜗牛壳中Mn^2+的含量可反映其生长环境中Mn^2+的含量和氧化还原条件,对古气候的重建具有重要意义。 相似文献
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通过对黄土高原西峰黄土剖面S5古土壤层的蜗牛化石组合研究发现,西峰地区在S5形成时(对应海洋氧同位素MIS1513期)气候环境经历了几次显著的波动。MIS15期地层中绝大多数蜗牛壳体被溶蚀,气候非常暖湿,夏季风强盛;MIS14是个弱冰期,蜗牛组合显示气候以凉湿为主,仍然有较强的夏季风影响;MIS13期以暖湿的气候为主,夏季风增强。对温湿蜗牛种类冠状砂螺(Gastrocopta coreana)含量变化的功率谱分析显示出明显的23ka周期,表明岁差轨道驱动的低纬太阳辐射是控制黄土高原夏季风变化的主导因素;冷干种类杂色虹蛹螺(Pupilla aeoli)含量变化具有明显的100ka和弱的43ka周期,说明即使在气候特征总体暖湿的背景下,冬季风仍具有以全球冰量(100ka)为主导周期的变化特征。在海洋和冰芯记录中MIS13和MIS15时期并不是最温暖的间冰期,但在黄土高原受到强夏季风的持续影响,这可能与此时北半球夏季太阳辐射量的增强和北大西洋深层流强度的加强有关。S5中S5SS1与S5SS3两层强烈发育的古土壤可能有着不同的发育机制,S5SS1因其较发育的母质、超长的成壤期,形成了比S5SS3更强的成壤特征。分析认为全球冰量与轨道驱动的北半球太阳辐射对MIS1513时期黄土高原气候环境的演替和冬、夏季风的消长起了主导作用。 相似文献