Gaseous formic and acetic acids in the atmosphere of Yokohama,Japan

Gaseous formic acid (HCOOH_g) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH_g) were measured every 30 minutes during a 10 hour daylight period in August, and a 24 hour period in October, 1990 in the urban atmosphere of Yokohama, Japan. An aqueous nebulizer sampler and ion-chromatography exclusion (ICE) were used for the measurements. In the August experiment (0800–1800 local time) the mean HCOOH_g concentration was found to be 7.3±2.5 ppbv. The mean CH₃COOH_g concentration was 3.8±1.2 ppbv. In the 24 hour experiment in October, concentrations of both acids were lower between 0800–1800 than during the same time-period in August (mean HCOOH_g=4.4±2.7 ppbv, mean CH₃COOH_g=1.4±0.5 ppbv). In October, concentrations of both acids were higher in daylight hours than at night; sporadic high HCOOH_g concentrations were observed. In both experiments the ratio HCOOH_g/CH₃COOH_g of individual samples was usually 2.0 (mean ratio of 2.0 in August, 3.1 in October).     

碘化钾-甲基异丁基甲酮萃取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法连续测定地球化学样品中痕量银镉铊

研究了碘化钾-甲基异丁基甲酮（KI—MIBK）萃取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法连续测定地球化学样品中痕量银、镉和铊的主要条件。通过对火焰原子吸收分光光度计气路控制系统及雾化器的改进，较大地改善了萃取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定银、镉和铊的稳定性和灵敏度。选择萃取酸度为1．2mol／L HCl、水相和有机相体积配比为3：1～4：1，方法精密度（RSD，n=12）为Ag4．5％～9．6％、Cd1．5％～7．9％、T14．5％～5．4％，检出限（3s）为Ag0．004μg/g、Cd0．007μg／g、T10．011μg/g，符合多目标地球化学调查样品测试及质量监控要求。用国家一级标准物质和密码组合标准物质进行验证，测试结果令人满意。     

Trace Determination of Strontium and Barium in River Waters by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry Using an Ultrasonic Nebulizer

Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry in conjunction with an ultrasonic nebulizer was employed for the determination of Sr and Ba in river waters at parts per billion (μg l⁻¹) levels without pre-concentration. The ultrasonic nebulizer, equipped with a desolvation system, enhanced the analytical sensitivity by ten to twenty fold compared to conventional pneumatic nebulizers. The detection limits for Sr and Ba, ascertained from blanks and reference samples made in 0.05% NaCl solution, were 0.045 μg l⁻¹ and 0.16 μg l⁻¹ respectively. The accuracy of measurements, based on analyses of solutions of reference materials (G-2 and W-1) and multielement commercial standards (Merck®), was ± 10%. Replicate analyses of samples and reference samples showed measurement precision to be to be better than ± 5%, which is adequate considering that the concentration of Sr and Ba in river waters varies by one to two orders of magnitude.     

电热雾化器及其在ICP—AES中的分析性能研究

本文研究了电热雾化器在ICP-AES应用中的分析性能。研究结果表明,这种新型雾化系统的信噪比、检出限及稳定性均好于V槽雾化器,基体效应较V槽雾化器严重。这种雾化进样系统将使ICP-AES与HPLC联用作为过程在线分析和形态分析成为可能。     

等离子体发射光谱法中微量雾化器的应用

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定环境或生物样品如悬浮颗粒物、浮游植物和沉积物提取物中金属元素时常面临试样较少的问题。在等离子体发射光谱仪上使用微量雾化器,利用金属元素标准溶液对仪器工作条件如雾化器压力、射频功率、输出泵速、辅助气流量进行了实验,获得最优工作条件为:雾化器压力0.2MPa,射频功率1 150W,输出泵速25r/min,辅助气流量0.5L·min-1。在该工作条件下,与常量雾化器的信号强度、背景值、方法检出限进行比较,信号强度略有降低,背景值明显降低,检出限与常量雾化器相当。应用微量雾化器对海洋沉积物提取样、浮游植物消解样、悬浮颗粒物消解样中的Al、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ti、Ba、Sr、Co、Cu、Ni进行了测定,结果与常量雾化器所测值进行了对比,发现无明显差异,且其背景值降低,减小了元素测定的背景干扰。样品消耗量仅为常量雾化器的1/3或更少,分析效率得以提高,是解决少量环境样品测试的有效方法。