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1.
Quantitative Evaluation of Water Deposited By Dew on Monuments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Samples of White and Green Carrara marble, and three types oflimestone and brick exposed in the field vertically and horizontally were used to evaluate condensationon monuments during clear sky nights. Experiments in a simulation chamber under controlledconditions led to a general equation for the actual amount of water deposited on a surface by dew.This is determined by: How much and for how long the surface temperature falls below the dew point,the moisture content in the air and the ventilation. On clear nights, the condensation on buildingstructures facing the sky may reach some 0.2 kg m-2 (or 0.2 mm), whereas condensation on verticalsurfaces is very small. Computation of the seasonal trend of night-time condensationshowed that the maximum amount of water condensed per night occurs in the autumn, with the moreabundant concentration of moisture in the air. The total amount of water condensed per month isfound to be a maximum in the summer-autumn period. Morning condensationfor the thermal inertia of monuments is also relevant, and has been calculated to reach the same order of magnitude as thenocturnal dew. A detailed analysis of the temperature and mixing ratio profiles near a condensingsurface has shown two different situations. In still air, the two profiles follow an exponentiallaw and the thermal and the concentration layers lie within a few tens of millimetres. Inthe presence of turbulence, the thickness of these two layers is dramatically reduced. In still air, infront of a vertical, chilly surface, the deposition rate of air pollutants by thermophoresis and/orStefan flow is increased by 3 or 4 times in comparison with a horizontal surface. In the presence ofturbulence, the thickness of the thermal and concentration layers was dramatically reduced, makingthese two kinds of deposition much faster. 相似文献
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Gudrun Richter Joachim Wassermann Martin Zimmer Matthias Ohrnberger 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2004,135(4):331-342
In this paper we present densely sampled fumarole temperature data, recorded continuously at a high-temperature fumarole of Mt. Merapi volcano (Indonesia). These temperature time series are correlated with continuous records of rainfall and seismic waveform data collected at the Indonesian–German multi-parameter monitoring network. The correlation analysis of fumarole temperature and precipitation data shows a clear influence of tropical rain events on fumarole temperature. In addition, there is some evidence that rainfall may influence seismicity rates, indicating interaction of meteoric water with the volcanic system. Knowledge about such interactions is important, as lava dome instabilities caused by heavy-precipitation events may result in pyroclastic flows. Apart from the strong external influences on fumarole temperature and seismicity rate, which may conceal smaller signals caused by volcanic degassing processes, the analysis of fumarole temperature and seismic data indicates a statistically significant correlation between a certain type of seismic activity and an increase in fumarole temperature. This certain type of seismic activity consists of a seismic cluster of several high-frequency transients and an ultra-long-period signal (<0.002 Hz), which are best observed using a broadband seismometer deployed at a distance of 600 m from the active lava dome. The corresponding change in fumarole temperature starts a few minutes after the ultra-long-period signal and simultaneously with the high-frequency seismic cluster. The change in fumarole temperature, an increase of 5 °C on average, resembles a smoothed step. Fifty-four occurrences of simultaneous high-frequency seismic cluster, ultra-long period signal and increase of fumarole temperature have been identified in the data set from August 2000 to January 2001. The observed signals appear to correspond to degassing processes in the summit region of Mt. Merapi. 相似文献
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文中总结单舰航线水文气象保障业务的特点、难点,并结合航线水文气象保障的现状提出一些个人的建设性建议。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原气象学的研究进展和问题 总被引:25,自引:1,他引:25
分高原天气学、高原气候学、高原及邻近地区的大气环流、以及高原数值预报和模拟四方面简要回顾了新中国成立以来我国(也兼及国外)青藏高原气象学的主要进展,也提出今后研究中应注意的有关问题。 相似文献
6.
以某苯加氢精制工程为例,探讨了焦化行业环境风险评价方法;利用该项目所在地近3 a地面常规气象观测资料,分析了当地的污染气象特征;采用风险识别、源项分析、后果计算、风险评价等环境风险评价技术方法,筛选出主要风险因子并进行风险预测,采用多烟团模式并考虑气象因素进行风险计算。结果表明:污染事故发生后,苯类物质的地面浓度最大值为3 214 mg/m^3,位于距离事故发生源WNW方向约50 m处超标1 339倍,由此可知近距离污染严重;高浓度污染物主要集中在污染源附近,随着距离的延长,污染物浓度不断向下风向扩散,超标范围在6 km内。利用简化分析法,定量给出此项工程的最大可信事故风险值为7.6×10^-6/a,小于化工行业风险值8.33×10^-5/a,此工程风险值水平与同行业比较在可接受的范围内。 相似文献
7.
选用青岛站1951-2010年每年6-8月各月平均气温资料,通过SAS软件进行了主成分分析和聚类分析,分析了近60 a夏季气温的年际气候变化.主成分分析的结果表明,第一主成分反映青岛夏季气温距平,其正(负)方向反映夏季气温的正(负)距平,其强度反映气温偏高(低)的程度;第二主成分则反映同一年内夏季各月间气温的差异,其绝对值越大,表示各月气温差异越大.聚类分析的结果表明,青岛站夏季月平均气温的变化可以分为3类:1)6月、7月气温较低,在8月升温;2)7月平均气温最高,6月、8月相对较低;3)6月气温低,7、8两月气温较高.其中1993、2003年为第一类,2005年为第二类,其余为第三类. 相似文献
8.
新疆气象与生态环境 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
张家宝 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2006,29(2):1-3
本文分5个部分:若干概念内涵的界定;新疆气象特征;新疆生态环境基本特征;新疆生态环境变化的影响因子分析;气象科技在新疆生态环境领域中的作用和有关对策建议。 相似文献
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