Study on the Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Sea Cucumber(Paracaudina chinens var.) Gelatin Hydrolysate

Gelatin from the sea cucumber(Paracaudina chinens var.) was hydrolyzed by bromelain and the hydrolysate was found to have a high free radical scavenging activity. The hydrolysate was fractionated through an ultrafiltration membrane with 5 kDa molecular weight cutoff(MWCO). The portion(less than 5 kDa) was further separated by Sephadex G-25. The active peak was col-lected and assayed for free radical scavenging activity. The scavenging rates for superoxide anion radicals(O2·-) and hydroxyl radi-cals(·OH) of the fraction with the highest activity were 29.02% and 75.41%,respectively. A rabbit liver mitochondrial free radical damage model was adopted to study the free radical scavenging activity of the fraction. The results showed that the sea cucumber gelatin hydrolysate can prevent the damage of rabbit liver and mitochondria.     

从鳕鱼碎肉中提取水解蛋白

用蛋白酶水解法从鳕鱼加工废弃物－鳕鱼碎肉中提取水解蛋白。鳕鱼碎肉经枯草杆菌ＡＳ１．３９８中性蛋白酶２４０ＩＵ／ｍｌ，ｐＨ７．０，５０℃下水解２ｈ；再经黄曲霉ＩＦＦＩ２３４２（蛋白酶活力２０００ＩＵ／ｇ）１．５％（ｗ／ｖ），５０℃，ｐＨ６．０下水解６ｈ以脱苦味。水解液经真空浓缩后喷雾干燥得水解蛋白粉。该制品易溶于水，无苦味，有海鲜味。其氨基酸组成合理，是优良的蛋白质制品。     

Antioxidation activities of low-molecular-weight gelatin hydrolysate isolated from the sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stichopus japonicus</Emphasis>

Gelatin extracted from the body wall of the sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) was hydrolyzed with flavourzyme. Low-molecular-weight gelatin hydrolysate (LMW-GH) of 700–1700 Da was produced using an ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor system. Chemiluminescence analysis revealed that LMW-GH scavenges high free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner; IC₅₀ value for superoxide and hydroxyl radicals was 442 and 285 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. LMW-GH exhibited excellent inhibitory characteristics against melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. Furthermore, LMW-GH notably increased intracellular glutathione (GSH), which in turn suppressed melanogenesis. LMW-GH performs antioxidation activity, holding the potential of being used as a valuable ingredient in function foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals or nutriceuticals.     

Study on the Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Sea Cucumber （Paracaudina chinens vat.） Gelatin Hydrolysate

Gelatin from the sea cucumber （Paracaudina chinens var.） was hydrolyzed by bromelain and the hydrolysate was found to have a high free radical scavenging activity. The hydrolysate was fractionated through an ultrafiltration membrane with 5 kDa molecular weight cutoff （MWCO）. The portion （less than 5 kDa） was further separated by Sephadex G-25. The active peak was collected and assayed for free radical scavenging activity. The scavenging rates for superoxide anion radicals （O2·^-） and hydroxyl radicals （·OH） of the fraction with the highest activity were 29.02% and 75.41%, respectively. A rabbit liver mitochondrial free radical damage model was adopted to study the free radical scavenging activity of the fraction. The results showed that the sea cucumber gelatin hydrolysate can prevent the damage of rabbit liver and mitochondria.     

鱼蛋白酶水解物制备及其生物学评价

提出用枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶水解，从Ｅｎｇｒａｕｌｉｓｊｏｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ中提取鱼蛋白酶水解物。指出依次用活性炭和β－环糊精处理水解物可以去苦味，可溶性氮产率达８９．８０％。水解物氨基酸组成平衡，游离氨基酸占总氨基酸６２．７０％。并对水解物作出生物学评价。通过大鼠氮平衡试验和生长试验表明，水解物具有较高营养价值。可以认为，该鱼蛋白水解物可用作手术前后病人的要素饮食或要素饮食添加剂。     

方格星虫酶解物对小鼠皮肤创伤修复的作用

【目的】探究方格星虫酶解物促进伤口愈合的作用。【方法】将小鼠分为空白对照组、方格星虫酶解物组和云南白药组进行止血实验,并建立小鼠全皮层创伤模型。将方格星虫酶解物制成膏状,每天上药一次。于术后3、5、7 d分批各处死5只小鼠,固定7只用于拍照。术后观察创面愈合情况,测定伤口愈合率、炎症因子、转化生长因子-β1和创面羟脯氨酸含量等指标。【结果】相比于空白对照组,方格星虫酶解物组显著缩短止血时间,提高愈合率,缩短掉痂时间、创面宽度,调节炎症因子、转化生长因子-β1表达,促进胶原蛋白沉积,伤口愈合较好,残留疤痕不明显。【结论】方格星虫酶解物具有促进伤口愈合功效,其作用机制与止血、调节炎症因子、转化生长因子-β1水平、促进胶原蛋白沉积有密切联系。     

皮状丝孢酵母利用大米草水解液发酵生产微生物油脂

研究了产油酵母菌皮状丝孢酵母（Trichosporon cutaneum）利用经过简单脱毒处理的大米草水解液,直接发酵生产微生物油脂。首先分别用1％、2％、4％和6％稀硫酸,在122℃水解大米草,大米草／硫酸（固／液比）为10％。结果表明,在6％的酸浓度下水解40rain后总还原糖含量最高。而1％稀硫酸在140℃下水解大米草,2．8h后,水解液中葡萄糖产量达到最高14．2g／L。然后将该条件下大米草水解液冷冻干燥浓缩为不同的倍数,作为皮状丝孢酵母菌的发酵培养基,水解液浓缩倍数为4．0时,产油量最高达6．0g／L。为高效利用大米草,将大米草开发为一种能源植物,提供了新的途径。     

鲲鱼(Engraulis japonicus)蛋白水解物的营养成分及抗高血脂作用的研究

采用化学分析、氨基酸组成分析及动物体内实验等方法,进行了鲲鱼蛋白水解物的一般成分、氨基酸组成和抗高血脂作用研究.结果表明,蛋白水解物含蛋白质20.50%、脂肪9.63%、水分67.37%、灰分1.09%;在必需氨基酸中,异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸及缬氨酸达到FAO/WHO(1973)提出的理想氨基酸模式中相应氨基酸的88%-100%;该蛋白水解物能显著抑制由高脂类饲料喂养导致的高血脂大鼠的TC、TG、HDL升高,其抗高血脂作用可能来源于它本身的功能因子(包括牛磺酸、DHA、EPA、Ca、P和Fe等).     

含钙铝铁水解聚合产物的矿物学研究Ⅰ:形态和物相

用X射线粉晶衍射分析技术结合热重分析、红外光谱及电镜观察对合成的含钙聚合氯化铝铁(PAFCCa)及其合成前体含钙聚合氯化铝(PACCa)、含钙聚合氯化铁(PFCCa)的低温干燥样进行了表征.XRD衍射结果表明,Ca(Ⅱ) 分别与Al(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅲ)都能形成结晶化合物,在PACCa中结晶化合物主要是Ca3Al2(OH)12,在PFCCa中结晶化合物主要是Ca4Fe14O25,在PAFCCa中形成Al-Ca-Fe三相结晶化合物铁取代的氯钙矾石结构体,其组成是(Ca6(Al,Fe)2[(OH)4Cl2]3·20H2O).热重分析、红外光谱与电镜观察都支持了XRD的衍射结果.     

带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)下脚料蛋白水解物的成分分析及抗高血脂功效的研究

采用化学分析、氯基酸组成分析及动物体内实验等方法,研究了带鱼下脚料蛋白水解物的一般成分、氨基酸组成和抗高血脂作用,以期为带鱼及其下脚料蛋白水解物的高效利用提供资料。结果表明,带鱼下脚料蛋白水解物含蛋白质17．16％、脂肪9．08％、水分71．61％、灰分1．12％。在必需氨基酸中,异亮氯酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸、苏氨酸、色氯酸及缬氨酸达到FAO／WHO（1973）提出的理想氯基酸模式中相应氨基酸的88％-100％。动物体内实验结果表明,该蛋白水解物能显著抑制由高脂类饲料喂养导致的高血脂大鼠的TC、TG、HDL升高。带鱼下脚料蛋白水解物具有抑制高血脂动物血脂的升高,其抗高血脂作用可能源于它本身的功能因子,包括牛磺酸、DHA、EPA、Ca、P和Fe等。