Readout Techniques for Drift and Low Frequency Noise Rejection in Infrared Arrays

Three different methods are presented to subtract thermal drifts and low-frequency noise from the signal of infrared array. The first is dead pixels with open Indium bumps, the second is reference output as implemented on the Hawaii2 multiplexer, and the third is dark pixels to emulate reference cells having a capacity connected to the gate of the unit cell field-effect transistor (FET). The third method is the most effective and yields a reduction in readout noise from15.4–9.4 erms. A novel method will be described to extend this readout technique to the Aladdin 1 K × 1 K InSb array. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于生物信息学探讨骨质疏松症与2型糖尿病的关系

目的：基于生物信息学探讨骨质疏松症与 2 型糖尿病的关系。方法：通过基因表达汇编（GEO）数据库检索骨质疏松症和2型糖尿病的相关数据集,并筛选骨质疏松症-2型糖尿病共同差异表达基因,将数据导入STRING数据库找寻关键基因,以一个单细胞测序数据集作为检验集验证关键基因细胞层面的表达水平,对筛选结果进行基因本体（GO）功能及京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析,并对关键靶点、相关中药进行频数统计及功效分类。结果：骨质疏松症与 2 型糖尿病相关通路集中在 ErbB信号通路、丝活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路、神经营养素信号通路、NOD样受体信号通路。频数统计结果显示,与骨质疏松症-2型糖尿病关键基因相关的中药有51味,以功效分类,可分为清热解毒药、止痛药、祛风药、补虚药、止呕药。结论：骨质疏松症和2型糖尿病都是复杂的代谢性疾病,涉及众多基因表达网络和信号通路。尽管两种疾病存在复杂的基因网络背景,但是分析结果表明两种疾病之间仍存在高度重合的差异基因表达和信号通路。这表明两种疾病的分子机制密切相关,可能存在共同调控的靶点,因此这些靶点可能成为药物同时干预两种疾病的治疗靶点。     

CuInSe2太阳电池薄膜的制备技术及研究进展

着重介绍了CuInSe2的结构和光、电学特性；讨论了多各上薄膜沉积技术；评价了主要的合成装置及其作途；综述了制备CuInSe2太阳电池器件的工艺和材料，提出了一种能成功地生产大面积太阳电池薄膜的经济有铲的沉积技术。     

与找矿信息量法结合的含矿网格单元蒙特卡洛矿产资源潜力评价方法的原理及应用

文章介绍了以含矿网格单元为统计单位、并与找矿信息量法结合的蒙特卡洛矿产资源潜力评价方法的原理和工作步骤,以及用该法进行丹池锡多金属成矿带锡矿矿产资源潜力评价工作案例,表明该法可以把评价工作区的矿产空间分布信息、成矿模式和找矿模型、成矿-找矿空间信息引入蒙特卡洛方法中,无需人类专家估计矿床个数,减少了工作步骤,提高了工作效率和自动化程度,减少了因人为主观性而造成的评价误差。     

A modeling of the structure and favorable H-docking sites and defects for the high-pressure silica polymorph stishovite

Employing first-principles methods, the docking sites for H were determined and H, Al, and vacancy defects were modeled with an infinite periodic array of super unit cells each consisting of 27 contiguous symmetry nonequivalent unit cells of the crystal structure of stishovite. A geometry optimization of the super-cell structure reproduces the observed bulk structure within the experimental error when P1 translational symmetry was assumed and an array of infinite extent was generated. A mapping of the valence electrons for the structure displays mushroom-shaped isosurfaces on the O atom, one on each side of the plane of the OSi₃ triangle in the nonbonded region. An H atom, placed in a cell near the center of the super cell, was found to dock upon geometry optimization at a distance of 1.69 Å from the O atom with the OH vector oriented nearly perpendicular to the plane of the triangle such that the OH vector makes a angle of 91° with respect to [001]. However, an optimization of a super cell with an Al atom replacing Si and an H atom placed nearby in a centrally located cell resulted in an OH distance of 1.02 Å with the OH vector oriented perpendicular to [001] as observed in infrared studies. The geometry-optimized position of the H atom was found to be in close agreement with that (0.44, 0.12, 0.0) determined in an earlier study of the theoretical electron density distribution. The docking of the H atom at this site was found to be 330 kJ mol^–1 more stable than a docking of the atom just off the shared OO edge of the octahedra as determined for rutile. A geometry optimization of a super cell with a missing Si generated a vacant octahedra that is 20% larger than that of the SiO₆ octahedra. The valence electron density distribution displayed by the two-coordinate O atoms that coordinate the vacant octahedral site is very similar to those displayed by the bent SiOSi angles in coesite. The internal distortions induced by the defect were found to diminish rather rapidly with distance, with the structure annealing to that observed in the bulk crystal to within about three coordination spheres.     

气候系统可预报性的全局研究

胞映射方法是对非线性系统进行全局分析的强有力工具。文中基于一个最大简化的地－气耦合模式,引入胞映射全局分析方法,对气候系统的可预报性进行了全局的研究。气候系统存在最大可预报期限,对于超过逐日预报可预报期限后的预报,用胞映射思想证明了平均值的可预报性,并得到了定量的结果。研究表明,耦合机制具有延长可预报期限的作用,观测精度的提高亦可延长可预报期限     

基于GIS的单元簇遗传建模及其在区域矿产预测中的应用

论述一种GIS支持下的基于"单元簇”概念和遗传建模的多源地学信息综合分析方法及在多目标矿产预测中的应用.在以往矿产定量预测中,根据随机抽样思想进行单元划分,对空间信息利用不够充分.用单元的空间组合("单元簇”)代替单元作为定量类比的基本单位,从而能较好实现地质变量值及其所反映的局部地质空间结构的定量类比;将单元作为GIS区图元,利用GIS空间分析功能实现对单元及单元簇的管理和操作;以已知样品判对率最大为适应值计算准则,用遗传算法建立线性判别函数,可快速有效地实现多目标矿产定位预测.以新疆康古尔塔格地区金矿预测实例说明了其应用效果.     

不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼血细胞发生的影响

以全鱼粉作为唯一蛋白源(D1),用豆粕替代10%、20%鱼粉(D2、D3),玉米蛋白粉替代10%鱼粉(D4),啤酒酵母替代10%鱼粉(D5),配制5组等氮等能饲料,每种饲料设置3个实验组,进行56 d的养殖实验。通过血液和组织涂(印)片、细胞染色和显微观察,研究人工培育的褐点石斑鱼幼鱼外周血液白细胞的分类组成,头肾、脾脏、体肾和肝脏等4种组织中各类血细胞的发生情况,以及不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼血细胞发生的影响。结果表明:褐点石斑鱼外周血液中的白细胞由淋巴细胞(53.30%±4.66%)、血栓细胞(35.69%±3.85%)、嗜中性粒细胞(10.34%±3.14%)、单核细胞(0.28%±0.36%)、浆细胞(0.24%±0.34%)和嗜酸性粒细胞(0.15%±0.27%)组成;组织印迹片中,未成熟的红细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞主要在头肾印迹片中出现,未成熟的单核细胞主要在头肾和脾脏印迹片中出现,血栓细胞在肝脏印迹片中数量最多,推断褐点石斑鱼幼鱼主要的造血组织是头肾,其次是脾脏;在4种组织中均观察到浆细胞,在体肾印迹片中观察到嗜碱性粒细胞,在肝脏印迹片中观察到巨噬细胞,在头肾印迹片中还观察到巨大原红细胞。显微观察和数据统计分析的结果都表明,投喂5种蛋白源不同的配合饲料,未对褐点石斑鱼4种组织中血细胞的发生情况造成显著影响。     

ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY ON CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF STEELS IN SAND WITH WATER

ImooUcr0NCormsinnofsodinconatisnowrognindasaseriousproblemwithlargeere-nondconSequenas.Thecormsionproducofondatthesurfaeeofrenfontin-dutaltenSioninthernaterial,resultinginfraCtureandspillingoftheconcretefromtherenfoot(Madrinaldetal.,l99l).Asaasult,theconCretestructure'sIneCanhalstwthisgreatiytalued.0wingtothephyShaldfultyofconduCtingforchdricalexperiInentsinconare,muCoftheworkintheaasofndanisticdCtendnationsforcormsionofstalincon-~wereconduedinalkalinesolution,generallyofporewatCr(Romirz…     

新矿物(19931～199312)

本文以表格形式列举了１９９３年１月至１９９３年１２月经《国际矿物学协会（ＩＭＡ）新矿物与矿物命名委员会（ＣＮＭＭＮ）》批准并在各国矿物学杂志上发表的４２个新矿物的中文英文名称、化学式及其他数据。数据依次为：矿物的晶系、空间群、晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据（Ｉ、ｈｋｌ）、物理性质（晶形、颜色、条痕、光泽、解理、发光、硬度、密度等）、光学性质（一、二轴晶,正、负光性,折光率,反射率,双反射,２Ｖ,色散,吸收性,多色性等）、产状、共生矿物等。