Thermal constraints on glycolytic metabolism in the New Zealand abalone,Haliotis iris: the role of tauropine dehydrogenase

Black‐foot abalone, Haliotis iris, were sampled from two populations in warm northern waters, and from two in colder southern waters. Abalone muscle is characterised by high activity of the glycolytic pyruvate reductase enzyme, tauropine dehydrogenase (TDH). Adductor muscle TDH was profiled for thermostability and activity to test the hypothesis that the enzyme may show adaptation in titre or kinetic characteristics reflecting thermal habitat. Temperature dependency of the apparent Michaelis‐Menten constant of TDH for pyruvate (_appKm_pyr) suggested eurythermal enzyme behaviour below 20°C, and compromised function at the higher temperatures of northern populations occurring in the summer months. Thermostability profiles and enzyme activities suggest TDH expression does not differ significantly among populations (P > 0.05), indicating that this locus shows no compensation for temperature. The optimal temperature for efficient TDH function, estimated from V_max./_appKm_pyr, is close to 20°C. The possible thermal constraints on glycolytic metabolism in H. iris are discussed.     

盐度突变对凡纳滨对虾渗透调节中血蓝蛋白和糖酵解影响的初步研究

实验室条件下测定盐度突变对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)血淋巴渗透压、血蓝蛋白、血糖、己糖激酶(HK)以及丙酮酸激酶(PK)活力的影响。以蜕皮间期对虾为实验材料(初始湿体重为(2.485±0.303)g),设盐度30为对照组,4个不同的盐度突变幅度(为2、4、6、8)为处理组(用S2、S4、S6和S8表示),于降低盐度和恢复盐度至30的不同时间点采样,实验持续7d。结果表明:(1)凡纳滨对虾血淋巴渗透压会随盐度变化而变化,S4组对虾血淋巴含量在整个实验过程中处于较低水平;(2)随着盐度突变幅度的增加,血蓝蛋白含量与对照组呈现显著性差异(P<0.05)的采样点增多;(3)S4组对虾血糖含量整个实验过程中一直处于较低水平,而S6、S8组对虾血糖含量相对较高;(4)整个实验过程中,S4组对虾肝胰脏中HK活力处于较低水平,而S6与S8组对虾肝胰脏中HK活力处于较高水平;(5)S2、S4组对虾肝胰脏中PK活力与对照组没有显著性差异(P<0.05),而S6和S8组对虾肝胰脏PK活力在盐度突变后与对照组肝胰脏PK活力表现出显著性差异(P<0.05)。     

海洋线虫Litoditis marina低氧胁迫响应的转录组分析

全球气候变化导致海洋氧含量降低,海水低氧胁迫对海洋无脊椎动物的生长、发育和繁殖造成了严重的威胁。以海洋线虫Litoditis marina为实验对象,观察了其在不同氧浓度(21%、3%、1%和0.5%)条件下的生长发育速率,并对不同氧浓度条件下的L1幼虫样品进行了转录组测序和分析。实验结果表明,当环境氧浓度从21%下降至3%时, L. marina的发育成熟速度明显加快,进一步下降至1%时,产卵时间延长并和21%氧浓度接近,但当氧浓度为0.5%时,L.marina的产卵时间显著延迟。比较转录组分析表明,相比于21%氧浓度环境, 3%、1%和0.5%低氧条件下L. marina的糖酵解、糖异生、硫代谢和线粒体碳代谢等通路相关基因的表达显著上调;而寿命调控通路、细胞色素P450代谢通路和ABC转运蛋白相关基因的表达显著下调。研究结果发现的海洋线虫应对氧浓度胁迫的基因表达变化模式,为深入理解海洋无脊椎动物应答低氧胁迫分子机制提供了重要参考。