水槽造流系统水力计算与泵机选择

提供一种完整的用于试验水槽造流系统的水力计算和泵机选择方法 ,可用于其他类似工程设计。     

吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤中主要组分结构特征与生烃性分析

在高纯度煤岩显微组分分离富集的基础上,应用透射式显微傅里叶红外光谱技术 (Micro FTIR),对吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤中的主要组分-镜质体、丝质体、角质体、藻类体的结构组成进行了测定。结果表明 :藻类体主要由长链脂族结构组成,芳香结构含量相对较少;角质体和基质镜质体中含有较丰富的芳香结构以及长链脂族结构;而丝质体则主要由芳香结构组成,脂族结构含量很少。显微组分的这种结构特征决定了藻类体具有很高的生烃潜力、角质体和镜质体的生烃潜力中等、而丝质体的生烃潜力则很低。对于吐哈盆地煤成油来说,由于藻类体主要由长链脂族结构组成,并且生烃潜力也高,因此其具有高的液态烃产率、丝质体的产油率最小、角质体和镜质体的液态烃产率中等。由于镜质体是本区煤中含量最高的组分。因此,对于吐哈盆地所形成的具有工业规模的油田来说,镜质体应该是主要的贡献组分之一。但对于富含藻类体的厚层状烛藻煤,由于它类型好,品质高、生烃潜力大、以中长链脂族结构为主,是煤成油最理想的源岩。     

碳酸盐岩与泥质烃源岩生气规律对比研究

配制了两套成熟度相近的碳酸盐岩和泥质岩丰度系列样品。采用半封闭外加温加压式热压模拟装置对碳酸盐岩的生烃情况进行了热模拟实验，研究了碳酸盐岩生气量随成熟度和温度变化的趋势，探讨了碳酸盐岩生气的变化规律。碳酸盐岩与泥质岩的生烃潜力是有机质质量和有机质丰度的函数，与岩性无关；碳酸盐岩的产气规律与泥质岩相似，而且两者产烃的量级也相当，并不存在碳酸盐岩生排烃效率高的现象；碳酸盐岩和泥质岩总有机碳(TOC)含量在热模拟过程中基本上不发生变化；不同岩性的有机质的产烃效率主要受温度和有机质类型决定。     

日月引潮力与中国西北地区地震发震时间的深入研究

深入研究了中国西北地区的地震与日月引潮力的关系，通过仔细分析西北地区活动断裂带的特点，把引潮力的水平分量分解为平行及垂直于活动断裂带走向的两个分量，研究其与地震发震时间的关系。研究结果表明，两上水平分量与地震的发震时间密切相关，其中平行于断裂带走向的水平分量与地震发生的关系更为密切，对不同的活动断裂带，相关关系又有所不同，这可能与断裂带的构造特点有关。     

均生函数与BP神经网络耦合模拟预测模型(MGF-BP-I)的建立与应用

水文气候因子模拟预测对气候变化研究、农业墒情预报、生态环境改善、水资源合理开发利用等具有一定参考意义。均生函数、BP神经网络及其结合改进方式在模拟预测中各有优点,被广泛应用,但仍有进一步改进空间。针对MGF、MGF-OSR、MGF-OSR-BP等方法粗选因子集、粗选集组合筛选、收敛适应性、精度控制等可改进空间,进一步发挥均生函数和BP神经网络优势,建立了MGF-BP-I模拟预测模型。利用MGF-OSR、MGF-OSR-BP、MGF-BP-I对科尔沁沙地区域平均年降水进行了模拟预测。结果表明,建模期MGF-OSR-BP、MGF-BP-I拟合效果均较好,MGF-BP-I建模阶段最优模式精度优于MGF-OSR-BP,MGF-BP-I整体同时最优模式结果也非常好。检验期,MGF-BP-I检验阶段最优及整体同时最优两种模式拟合效果最好,相比其他模式精度有所提高。MGF-BP-I考虑更加全面,充分发挥了均生函数和BP神经网络优势,精度远高于MGF-OSR和MGF-OSR-BP,MGF-BP-I整体同时最优模式更符合实际应用,效果理想,可用于水文气候因子模拟预测。     

Application of saddlepoint approximation in reliability analysis of dynamic systems

The application of the saddlepoint approximation to reliability analysis of dynamic systems is investigated. The failure event in reliability problems is formulated as the exceedance of a single performance variable over a prescribed threshold level. The saddlepoint approximation technique provides a choice to estimate the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the performance variable. The failure probability is obtained as the value of the complement CDF at a specif ied threshold. The method requires computing the saddlepoint from a simple algebraic equation that depends on the cumulant generating function (CGF) of the performance variable. A method for calculating the saddlepoint using random samples of the performance variable is presented. The applicable region of the saddlepoint approximation is discussed in detail. A 10-story shear building model with white noise excitation illustrates the accuracy and effi ciency of the proposed methodology.     

一类带有负顾客且具有反馈的M/G/1可修排队系统

研究了一类带有负顾客且具有反馈的M/G/1可修排队系统,正顾客服务完会以一定的概率立即排到队尾等待下一次服务,而以一定的补概率离开系统,永不再来。服务规则是先到先服务,负顾客抵消排队系统中的中间顾客（RCM）。使用“补充变量法”和状态转移方程分析该模型,得到了这一模型的排队指标和可靠性指标,并且发现此类排队系统完全取决于队长为2的概率。     

Hydrocarbon- Generating Model of the Area Covered With Volcanic Rock

The distribution of Oil & gas fields shows their close relationship with the most active tectonic regions. This is not a coincidence but having a scientific reasons. The crustal active regions, refer to the places where the active natural earthquake, volcanic activities, underground water happened, and the areas of the leaking off of natural gas to the surface of the crust. The magma of volcanic activities brings the organic "kitchen range body" hydrocarbon- generating model and inorganic genetic hydrocarbon to the regions covered by volcanic rock. Underground water brings a catalytic hydrocarbongenerating model for organic matter, and the leaking- off of H2 and CO2 contributes a synthetic hydrocarbon - generating model. Volcanic activities bring the assemblage of Source, Reservoir and Seal formed by the sediments and magma the sedimentary basins, and the hydrocarbon - generating system with a "water - volcano" binary structure is formed. All these conditions are favorable and excellent for the formation of oil & gas fields. The distribution of American oil & gas fields have very close relationship with the mines of Fe, Mn, Ct, Mo, W and V, deposits of Zn, Cu, V, Pb, Al and Hg, and the deposits of fluorite, sulfur, potassium salt, phosphate and halite, and the distribution of sulfate- chloride of river water. The reason why few oil & gas fields discovered in the regions covered by volcanic rock in western America maybe because of the view of "inconsistency between petroleum and volcano". Further more, It's very difficult to carry out a geophysical exploration in such kinds of regions.This paper examined a few hydrocarbon-generating models (systems) mentioned above and came up with some fresh ideas on the exploration in the areas covered with volcanic rocks.     

世越号起吊姿态敏感性分析与方案选择

韩国世越号打捞是世界上首次利用托底钢梁原状态整体起吊难船出水的工程。客滚难船装载的货物容易在沉没后发生移位,上层建筑长时间沉没海底后发生泥沙淤积导致难以准确估计整船的重量重心及浮力浮心的位置。利用水池模型试验和数值计算两种方法分别对大型浮吊船单臂架打捞法和双驳船抬吊打捞法进行了难船姿态受重心位置偏移的敏感性分析。水池模型试验中发现,用大型浮吊船单臂架打捞法,世越号的姿态受其重心位置偏移非常敏感,容易发生侧翻;而用双驳船抬吊打捞法,世越号的姿态受其重心位置的影响非常有限,难船和抬浮驳船都可以保持一个较好的姿态。对比水池模型试验的结果,由于难以计及托底钢梁的翘动和滑动现象,数值计算中得到的难船起吊姿态值偏小。双驳船抬吊打捞法被选为打捞世越号的施工方案,其对难船重心位置偏移不敏感的特性得到了现场实证。这个特点为世越号的成功打捞出水起到了关键作用。     

不同规格化的引潮位展开及其转换

引入完全规格化的缔合勒让德函数,阐述国际上两类不同规格化的引潮位展开,使引潮位函数表达更加简明,大地系数定义更加规范. 由此得到由Doodson规格化与Hartmann & Wenzel规格化之间的转换系数.