Estimate of biological production in some stream invertebrates

Annual production of invertebrates was investigated in two streams, the Hinau and Horokiwi, in the North Island of New Zealand. Estimates were based on the instantaneous growth rate method, with adjustments made according to the number of generations produced per year. Production of primary consumers (herbivores and detritus feeders) was 7.6–72.1 g.m^‐2.y^‐1, and of secondary consumers (predators) 0.8–11.9 g.m^‐3.y^‐1. In both streams the lowest production was found in tree‐shaded situations. Production: biomass ratios ranged from 5.3 to 7.9 for primary consumers, and from 3.7 to 6.5 for secondary consumers. These ratios fall within the range of results found by workers in other countries. Fish in the two streams studied feed mainly on the primary consumers and so may be competing for food with invertebrate secondary consumers.     

仿自然鱼道整体物理模型试验研究

仿自然鱼道不仅能满足多种鱼类的洄游需要,同时还增加了河道内鱼类生境的数量与多样性,近来越来越受到人们的重视。由于仿自然鱼道结构复杂,断面型式多变、边坡及底部材质粗糙,糙率估算困难等,目前尚无完善的研究方法。结合新干枢纽仿自然鱼道工程,建立了1∶12的整体物理模型试验,对鱼道初步设计方案的水流条件进行了论证。结果表明,采用常规鱼道的研究方法控制鱼道内底坡、底宽、池室长度、偏移率和透水率等参数,然后通过整体物理模型试验进行验证和优化,可有效地用于指导仿自然鱼道的设计。与常规鱼道相比,仿自然鱼道受断面型式及建造材料的尺寸误差等影响,鱼道线路内流速差异明显。特别是鱼道转弯段,偏移率受弯道影响,流速易出现较直线段高或低的情况。研究成果为工程的设计提供了参考依据,同时为仿自然鱼道的设计和研究提供了参考。