恩诺沙星在红笛鲷体内的药代动力学

在水温26±2℃、盐度28条件下,恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,EF)按5 mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射和口灌红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus),用反相高效液相色谱法研究恩诺沙星在红笛鲷体内的药代动力学和组织分布。结果显示:注射和口灌后红笛鲷血浆的药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型;血药达峰时间(tp)分别为0.75和1.5 h,血药质量浓度峰值(cmax)分别为5.22和3.94μg/mL,药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别36.98和17.24 mg/(L.h),消除半衰期(t1/2β)分别为13.28和9.18 h;恩诺沙星在组织中分布较广,注射和灌服给药肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的cmax分别为3.53和3.40μg/g、4.08和3.98μg/g、11.23和5.40μg/g,tp分别为1.5和2.0 h、1.0和2.0 h、0.75和1.5 h,AUC分别33.17和23.12 mg/(L.h)、39.36和18.20 mg/(L.h)、98.97和56.69 mg/(L.h);EF在红笛鲷体内消除速度较慢,注射和灌服给药肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的t1/2β分别为22.08和83.32 h、41.52和94.47 h、20.94和21.81 h。表明恩诺沙星注射给药在红笛鲷体内的吸收和消除均快于口灌给药。     

磺胺甲基唑和恩诺沙星在日本囊对虾体内的药代动力学研究

为了研究磺胺甲基唑(Sulfamethoxazole, 简称SMZ)和恩诺沙星(Enrofloxacin, 简称ERFX)在日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)体内的药物代谢动力学特点, 在水温21℃±0.5℃, 盐度29.91 的条件下, 应用萃取、液相测定和反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)对药物平均回收率、主要动力学参数及在3种组织中的半衰期进行了测定, 检测数据经药物代谢动力学软件3p97 进行研究。结果表明, SMZ 和ERFX 在对虾肝脏、肌肉和血淋巴的平均回收率分别为90.09％, 88.92％, 84.84％和89.14％, 86.04％,91.77％。药物代谢动力学分析表明, SMZ 单次腹部肌肉注射日本囊对虾, 其肝脏药时数据符合二室模型, 肌肉和血淋巴药时数据符合一室模型,半衰期为19.1284, 4.5799, 9.1855 h。ERFX 单次腹部肌肉注射日本囊对虾, 其肌肉药时数据符合二室模型, 肝脏和血淋巴药时数据符合一室模型。半衰期分别为15.16, 16.83, 17.19 h。通过两种药物的代谢特征比较分析表明, SMZ 在肌肉中吸收较ERFX 快, ERFX在血淋巴和肝脏中吸收较SMZ 快。根据SMZ 和ERFX 在21℃±0.5℃的条件下的主要动力学参数及3种组织内消除半衰期, 建议SMZ 在日本囊对虾的休药期不少于10 d, ERFX 的休药期不少于12 d。     

恩诺沙星在凡纳滨对虾体内的代谢和残留消除规律

在26±2℃水温下,每天投喂含有恩诺沙星药物的饲料,研究恩诺沙星在凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vanname肌肉、肠和肝胰脏组织中的代谢和残留消除规律。残留药物用乙腈提取,液相色谱串联质谱仪检测。结果表明:恩诺沙星在凡纳滨对虾体内可代谢为环丙沙星,对虾体内同时有恩诺沙星和环丙沙星两种药物残留;环丙沙星在肌肉、肝胰脏和肠组织中的消除时间分别为6、8、10 d,而恩诺沙星在这三组织中的消除时间则为12、14、16 d。建议把肠作为该药残留监控的靶组织,凡纳滨对虾的休药期不少于16 d。     

恩诺沙星在人工感染溶藻弧菌的三疣梭子蟹体内的代谢动力学

应用反相高效液相色谱法,研究了人工感染溶藻弧菌的三疣梭子蟹口灌恩诺沙星（给药剂量为10 mg/kg）后,其血淋巴、肌肉、肝胰腺等组织的药代动力学规律.结果表明,恩诺沙星在感染溶藻弧菌的三疣梭子蟹体内3种组织中的药物时量曲线关系均符合一级吸收二室模型.恩诺沙星在血淋巴、肌肉和肝胰腺中的主要药代动力学参数：给药后出现最高血药质量浓度的时间（Tp）为3.200、4.120、0.233 h,给药后的最高血药质量浓度（Cmax）为0.710、1.009、3.474μg/cm3,药时曲线下总面积（AUC）为22.710、39.632、146.727μg/（cm3.h）,表观分布容积（Vd）为11.231、7.514、2.813 dm3/kg,消除半衰期（t1/2β）为102.124、57.661、66.390 h.恩诺沙星在感染三疣梭子蟹体内吸收迅速,分布广泛,组织穿透力极强.代谢物环丙沙星在血淋巴、肌肉、肝胰腺3种组织中的含量均处于较低水平.感染三疣梭子蟹口灌恩诺沙星合理的休药期应不少于18 d.     

恩诺沙星对脊尾白虾APND、ECOD和GST活性的影响

为研究脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)药物代谢酶对恩诺沙星的响应及其在恩诺沙星代谢过程中的作用,作者以10、20和40 mg/kg恩诺沙星连续投喂脊尾白虾3 d,于投喂后的第1、2天以及停止投喂药物的第1、4、8、12、24、48、72、120小时取样,测定了脊尾白虾肝胰腺、鳃和血清中的氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶(aminopyrine-N-demethylase,APND)、7-乙氧基香豆素-O-脱乙基酶(7-ethoxycoumarinO-Deethylase,ECOD)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione-S-transferase,GST)的活性。结果表明:不同浓度恩诺沙星对脊尾白虾肝胰腺、鳃和血清中Ⅰ相药物代谢酶APND和ECOD活性均呈现显著抑制作用(P0.05)。投喂药物后,APND和ECOD活性呈现先下降后逐渐上升趋势,3个剂量组酶活性均在最后一次给药后8 h达到最低。与对照组相比,不同浓度恩诺沙星对各组织中Ⅱ相药物代谢酶GST活性呈现显著诱导作用(P0.05),此作用呈现先上升后下降的趋势。恩诺沙星对脊尾白虾APND、ECOD及GST活性的作用均呈现剂量依赖性。本研究表明,脊尾白虾Ⅰ相和Ⅱ相代谢酶均会对药物做出反应,可作为其养殖过程中药物代谢及适用性的指示物。     

Pharmacokinetics and tissue behavior of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in turbot Scophthalmus maximus at two water temperatures

Turbot Scophthalmus maximus, an important aquaculture species in China, currently suffers from epizootic diseases because of high density aquaculture. Enrofloxacin has been used to treat various systemic bacterial fish infections. However, studies concerning the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in turbot are limited. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin, were investigated in the turbot following intravenous and oral administration at 10 mg enrofloxacin/kg body weight, at 16°C and 10°C water temperatures. The concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the main tissues (plasma, muscle, liver and kidney) were detected by HPLC. The results show that the plasma concentration-time data for enrofloxacin were best described as a two-compartment open model after intravenous and oral administration. Three pharmacokinetic equations were established between the concentrations and temperatures. The kinetic profile of enrofloxacin was temperature dependent. The absorption half-life of enrofloxacin was 1.99 h and 2.17 h after oral administration, whereas the elimination half-life of the drug was 98.63 h and 136.59 h at 16°C and 10°C, respectively. The peak concentration of enrofloxacin in plasma and tissues was higher at 16°C than that at 10°C, and the peak plasma concentration time in the liver was the shortest at both temperatures among those of other tissues. The plasma C max /MIC ratio varied between 11.08 and 5 540.00 at 16°C; and between 7.92 and 3 960.00 at 10°C. The AUC/MIC ratio was 467.82-280 690.00 at 16°C, and 359.48-215 690.00 at 10°C. These ratios indicate that it is possible to obtain therapeutic efficacy. Very low levels of ciprofloxacin were detected. The AUC ratios of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in plasma suggest that plasma ciprofloxacin might play a minor role in enrofloxacin treatment for turbot.     

恩诺沙星在菲律宾蛤仔体内的消除规律研究

以5mg/L恩诺沙星浸浴菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)24h,取血液、鳃、内脏团、足、闭壳肌5种组织,反相高效液相色谱法测定其中的药物浓度。结果表明,恩诺沙星按一级动力学过程从体内消除,在5种组织中消除速率快慢不一,其在菲律宾蛤仔血液、鳃、内脏团、足、闭壳肌中的消除曲线方程分别为c=6.995e-0.0853t,c=2.7957e-0.1177t,c=1.539e-0.1013t,c=1.7015e-0.1535t,c=2.010e-0.1414t,消除半衰期T1/2分别为6.284,5.889,6.483,4.516,3.679h。恩诺沙星在水产品中的最大残留限量为50μg/kg,在本实验条件下,建议临床休药期不小于2d。     

Anti-enrofloxacin antibody production by using enrofloxacin-screened HSA as an immunogen

A two-step zero-length cross-linking procedure using active esters was successfully adopted for conjugating enrofloxacin （EF） to human serum albumin （HSA）. The derived conjugate was characterized by UV spectrum and then used for immunization of BALB/C mice. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and competitive inhibition ELISA experiments, the derived antiserum exhibited high antibody titer （greater than 1 ： 250 000） as well as varied cross-reactivity （from 97.8% to 161.7%） to three analogs of EF belonging to fluoroquinolones family. But over the concentration range studied, no significant cross-reactivity was observed to other group of antibiotics （chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and nysfungin）. It was confirmed that the synthesized immunogen was highly antigenic and elicited specific antibody responses in BALB/C mice against EF.