High-resolution sediment echosounding off Peru: Late Quaternary depositional sequences and sedimentary structures of a current-dominated shelf

About 6000 km of both bathymetric and high-resolution acoustic profiles were acquired on the shelf and upper slope offshore Peru between 9° S and 14° S. Two new sediment echosounder systems – SEL-96 and SES-2000DS – provided details of the sedimentary structures of the Quaternary sequences within the Sechura-Salaverry, Huacho and Pisco Basins. To a great extent, the poleward undercurrent determines the distribution of sediments. The undercurrent has generated numerous erosional unconformities, it has winnowed hardgrounds and has created mudwaves common between 250 m and 400 m water depth. Distinct subbottom reflectors within sedimentary units represent hiatuses due to periods of intensified winnowing or non-deposition. Erosional unconformities usually marked by pronounced reflectors suggest shifts of the undercurrent system related to climatic changes and eustatic variations of sea level. On a larger scale, the stacked prograding depositional sequences reflect the sea-level cycles of the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene. Based on the stratigraphy of our piston cores and that of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 680, the depositional sequences limited by extended unconformities were assigned to oxygen isotope stages 1 to 7. Other sedimentary structures are small straight channels that were conduits for downslope sediment transport. Deformed sediments associated with synsedimentary normal faults result from creep movements indicating beginning slope failure.     

多波束测深残余折射处理技术的对比研究

针对多波束条幅存在的残余声线折射影响,加拿大Caris HIPS多波束资料处理软件除了支持声速剖面改正外,还提供了一个折射改正工具。该折射改正工具简单易用,效果所见即所得,能够快速消除声线折射产生的假地形。通过实测数据对这两种改正方法的结果进行了比较。     

多波束测深中声速剖面的横向加密方法

针对声速剖面在横向空间上的低密度、分布不均匀导致水深测量误差的问题,提出了一种容易实现且有效的思路,采用分层取样、空间插值的方法,在后处理过程中人为地增加声速剖面的数量,使其密度足够大、分布更均匀,达到改善声速改正的效果和提高多波束测深精度的目的。     

不确定度在多波束测深数据质量评估中的应用

在海道测量中,由于无法对测量数据进行多余和重复观测,因而不能精确测定各种误差,同时也几乎没有测量成果质量的控制指标,这正是多波束测深数据质量评估所面临的现实且急需解决的难题。基于国际海道测量规范S-44(5th)的要求,研究了不确定度在多波束数测深数据质量评估中的应用。通过实例分析可知,测量结果的可用性在很大程度上取决于其不确定度的大小,不确定度越小,说明测量结果质量越高,越具有可靠性。因此,将不确定度充分合理地应用于多波束测深数据处理和评估是一种最为理想的途径。     

离散点数据自动绘制等深线方法探究

提出用反距离插值法将多波束离散数据点插值成规则格网DEM数据,再根据海图生产规范自动绘制不等间距相对光滑的DEM。将自动绘制的等深线与一般软件生成的等深线、海底地形图成果等深线进行比较分析得出：文中方法绘制的等深线相比以前有较大改善且更符合地形,可作为人工绘制的参考线。     

一体化姿态传感器支持下多波束测深系统偏差处理

根据一体化姿态传感器的特点和多波束水深点计算的实际需要,重点讨论了多波束探头安装偏差的处理,提出了把综合偏差输入姿态传感器,利用其偏差校准处理功能,实现多波束探头坐标系的横摇、纵摇和航向的直接输出,简化数据处理提高作业效率的设想;给出了姿态传感器安装偏差与多波束探头安装偏差进行合并获得综合偏差的方法。     

Coastal landslides and swelling clays at Røsnæs,Denmark

Prior, D. B., 1973: Coastal landslides and swelling clays at Røsnæs, Denmark. Geografisk Tidsskrift, 72: 45–48. København, September 30, 1973.

The landslide morphology of the Røsnæs area has been examined and materials involved in active landsliding analysed.     

Data fusion technique for multibeam echosoundings

On the basis of an analysis of the error sources in multibeam echosounding system, a data processing method for compensating systematic errors in multibeam survey is proposed. In order to improve the accuracy of overall swath, a data fusion technique using single beam survey data as control information for single beam and multibeam echosounding is then presented. Some questions involved in solving the adjustment problem, such as its feasibility and the numerical stability, are discussed in detail, and a two-step adjustment method is suggested. Finally, a practical survey data set is used as a case study to prove the efficiency and reliability of the proposed methods.     

一种适用于海量多波束测深数据的中值滤波算法

针对CUBE算法中的数据中值滤波排序问题,设计了一种基于堆结构的中值滤波算法。这种方法以初始滤波窗口中间数据为支点,把滤波序列划分为2个堆,进而把查找滤波窗口中间位置数据转化为在两个堆中进行排序并输出根节点的操作。实验结果表明,这种方法的滤波速度约为基于二分查找的中值滤波算法的2~4倍,适合应用于海量数据的滤波处理。     

多波束测深波束脚印位置归算模型研究

推导了多波束测深脚印位置归算模型,通过与CARIS软件进行实例比对,验证了该模型的有效性。在数据处理过程中,采用时标序列检索的方式处理导航时间延迟,取得了良好的效果;采用条带姿态进行姿态改正避免了"杠杆"旋转对边缘波束深度的影响。实例比对表明,该模型结果与CARIS软件输出结果一致。