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1.
H2O-undersaturated melting experiments of synthesized basalt (SiO2 = 50.7 wt.%, MgO = 8.3 wt.%, Mg# = 60) were conducted at fO2 corresponding to NNO+1 and NNO−1 to clarify the effects of pressure (2–7 kbar) and H2O on fractional crystallization in island arcs. H2O content was ranged from nominally anhydrous to 4.4 wt.%. Differentiation trends, namely the liquid lines of descent, change
sensitively according to pressure-H2O relations. Tholeiitic differentiation trends are reproduced with H2O ≤ ∼2 wt.% in primary magma. With such quantities of H2O, fractional crystallization is controlled by olivine + plagioclase at 2 kbar. Increasing the pressure from 2 to ≥4 kbar
induces early crystallization of orthopyroxene instead of olivine and therefore SiO2 enrichment in the residual melts is suppressed. Increasing H2O (≥ ∼2 wt.% in primary magma) stabilizes clinopyroxene relative to orthopyroxene and/or magnetite. Although the phase relations
and proportions strongly depend on fO2 and H2O content, differentiation trends are always calc-alkaline. 相似文献
2.
黄河三角洲潮滩发育时空谱系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究黄河三角洲潮滩发育的时空话系指出:在时间上,黄河三角洲潮滩系由不同时期河口滩发育而成,各段潮滩发育时间因素的差异在比较形态学上有清晰反映,在空间上,并存着处于不同发育阶段上的四种类型(阶段)。由此构成了黄河三角洲前沿所特有的湖滩形态时空体系。 相似文献
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面向对象的建模在GIS软件中的应用探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从GIS软件的特点出发,总结传统软件开发方法在GIS开发中的弊端,从而对面向对象技术在GIS软件建模中的应用进行了探讨。 相似文献
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国际直接投资变化趋势及对我国引资的思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
国际资本投资特别是对外直接投资的迅速增长,无论是对资本输出国还是对资本吸纳国的经济和社会发展都产生了深刻的影响。以美国为首的发达国家无论是在资本输出还是资本流入中一直都占据重要地位,以新兴市场国家为代表的发展中国家的国际资本投资存在逐渐加强的趋势。从国际资本投资的行业分布特征来看,主要集中在制造业和金融、保险、房地产业,特别是金融、保险和房地产业所占比重持续上升。改革开放以来,外商投资已经成为引发我国经济发展深刻变化的重要因素,外商投资企业成为我国国民经济中的重要组成部分。要进一步抓对全球经济一体化的机会,制定相应的发展战略,促进我国经济的发展。 相似文献
7.
我国入境旅游的特点和发展趋势分析 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
入境旅游人数以及旅游(外汇)收入是衡量一个国家旅游实力和开放程度的重要指标。本文在回顾中国入境旅游发展历史的基础上,通过对我国20多年入境旅游方面有关指标的分析总结了我国入境旅游具有增长的持续性、波动性和阶段性,入境旅游发展的脆弱性和集中性等特点。针对入境旅游未来的发展趋势提出加快我国入境旅游发展的建议。 相似文献
8.
Markus Hassler 《Area》2003,35(3):241-250
Despite the fact that most Indonesian brand-owners continue to emphasize their marketing activities in the domestic market, several brand-owners have started to export clothing under their own label. This has been particularly the result of the economic crisis in the late 1990s, which affected companies serving the domestic market. Companies were trying to compensate for the loss of sales on the domestic market by redirecting their marketing activities to foreign countries. This export strategy has been driven largely by the sole aim to survive. However, in addition to these export activities, some companies have rather sophisticated, long-standing business relations to their distributors in overseas markets. This paper explores these export activities in the context of the global commodity chain framework. 相似文献
9.
50a来洮河流域降水径流变化趋势分析 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
洮河流域 40多年水文实测资料分析表明 ,由于受气候变化及人类活动影响 ,流域降水和径流特征发生了明显变化 ,降水与径流总体呈下降趋势 ,其下降的线性斜率分别为 - 0 .86~ - 1.34mm·a-1和 - 1.5 7~ - 3.36m3·s-1·a-1;而气温呈缓慢上升趋势 ,其上升的线性斜率为 0 0 2℃·a-1.降水的减少和温度的升高已经导致甘南草原荒漠化 ,使许多湿地和湖泊干涸 ;径流的减少和温度增加在近2 0a来有进一步加剧的趋势 . 相似文献
10.
Recent Precipitation Trends in Hungary in the Context of Larger Scale Climatic Changes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The time series of monthly precipitation totals from 14 Hungarian observing stations (1901–1998) were analysed to reveal the long term changes in precipitation characteristics occurred in the 20th century. A particular attention was given to the changes in the recent decades and their links with the larger scale climatic and circulation changes over Europe and the Atlantic.The statistical significancesof systematic changes are controlled by linear trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test. The long term fluctuations are illustrated applying a 15-point Gaussian filter on the time series. The Standardised Precipitation Index is used to evaluate the changes in the drought event frequency. The relationships with larger scale changes are mostly discussed relying on contemporary papers, and the Grosswetterlagen Catalogue is used as well.The annual precipitation total decreased by 15–20% in Hungary during the 20th century. The decline is substantial in both halves of the century, but the precipitation sums in the transition seasons declined in the first 50 years, and the winter precipitation decreased in the latest decades. The precipitation total of the period November–February declined significantly in the last 50 years. In the same time the mean winter value of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) increased, the positions of the main pressure patterns over the Atlantic are shifted northeastward, and lot of other coherent changes detected in the winter climate of the European–Atlantic region. The mean summer precipitation total has hardly changed, but the frequency of summer drought events increased. There are some signs of a shift of the Hungarian summer climate towards a Mediterranean like climate. 相似文献