Organic geochemical characteristics of sediments from the anoxic brine-filled Tyro basin (eastern Mediterranean)

Soxhlet-extractable organic compounds of sediments from the anoxic brine-filled Tyro basin (eastern Mediterranean) were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cholesterol and 22,29,30-trisnorhopan-21-one are the major compounds identified. The occurrence of this triterpenoid ketone, as well as 22,29,30-trisnorhop-6-en-21-one and diplopterol (both tentatively identified), is ascribed to an input of microbiota living at the brine-seawater interface.     

摄食高胆固醇水产品对小鼠脂质代谢的影响

本研究采用添加10%不同水产品蛋白的标准饲料或高胆固醇饲料喂食小鼠,研究高胆固醇水产品对小鼠脂质代谢的影响。通过测定小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)的浓度以及肝脏TC、TG和磷脂(PL)的含量,同时称量小鼠体质量、肝脏、肾脏重量以及肾周脂肪和精巢上部脂肪重量,以评价不同蛋白质对小鼠成长的影响,并收集了高胆固醇血症模型小鼠的排泄物并测定其总脂质和中性固醇的排泄量。结果显示,水产品作为优质蛋白质能明显降低正常小鼠和高胆固醇血症模型小鼠的血清总脂水平(P<0.05)以及动脉粥样硬化指数(P<0.05),不同水产品对小鼠肝脂水平及高胆固醇血症小鼠排泄物中总脂质和中性固醇的排泄量的影响因水产品种类而不同。提示本研究中的高胆固醇水产品对由高胆固醇血症引发的动脉粥样硬化不具有危害性。     

基于随机森林模型的中国中老年人群HDL-C环境影响因素研究

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）可以有效促进人体内胆固醇的代谢外排,其水平的高低与患心血管疾病的风险呈负相关关系,是心血管疾病的预防与保护因素。厘清我国中老年人群HDL-C水平的地理分异特征及环境影响因素,对我国心血管疾病防治工作的开展有重要意义。论文基于中国中老年人纵向追踪调查,利用全局空间自相关、冷热点分析等方法阐释中国中老年人群HDL-C水平的空间分异特征及变化趋势,同时对比引入随机森林回归模型及多元线性回归方法探讨HDL-C水平空间分布的环境影响因素及其指示作用。结果表明：中国中老年人群HDL-C水平表现为女性高于男性、农村高于城镇,具有明显的地域差异性,整体呈现出“北低南高,中间过渡”的分布格局,且北方出现了以内蒙古、河北、辽宁为代表的低值聚集区,南方出现了以广东、广西、云南为代表的高值聚集区;SO2、NO2、降水、气压、PM10和PM2.5是影响中老年人群HDL-C水平差异分布的主要环境因素,其中高浓度的空气污染物是造成HDL-C值较低的危险因素,充沛的降水和低压环境是防治HDL-C值较低的保护因素。因此,今后关于HDL-C血脂异常防控工作在全国各地应注重其空间分布规律,重...     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹饲料中胆固醇的适宜添加量研究

采用单因素实验设计方法, 以初始体重为20g左右的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹为实验对象, 胆固醇添加量为0.003%、0.3339%、0.655%、0.986%、1.303%和1.628%的实验饲料投喂8周, 研究其胆固醇需求量。结果表明, 饲料中添加0.003%—1.628%胆固醇对各处理组的存 活率无显著性影响(P>0.05)。随饲料胆固醇水平的上升, 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的增重率呈先上升后下降的趋势, 当饲料胆固醇水平≥0.655%时, 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的增重率呈下降趋势。折线模型表明, 饲料中胆固醇添加量为0.6%时, 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的增重率、性腺指数和壳宽增加达到最高值。根据增重率折线模型结果, 作者认为三疣梭子蟹幼蟹饲料中添加0.6%左右胆固醇较为适宜     

4种石磺科贝类的胆甾醇含量测定

将瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)、里氏拟石磺(Paraoncidium reevesii)、平疣桑椹石磺(Platevindex mortoni)和紫色疣石磺(Peronia verruculata)样品,经活体解剖取四种石磺肌肉组织,运用高效液相色谱法对其可食部分进行了胆甾醇含量测定。结果表明:瘤背石磺胆甾醇平均浓度最高,达5 870.00 mg/kg;平疣桑椹石磺、紫色疣石磺、里氏拟石磺的胆甾醇平均质量分别为3 480.00、388.00、316.00 mg/kg,统计分析显示四种石磺可食部分的胆甾醇含量差异显著。     

Use of coprostanol as a specific allochthonous fecal indicator in surface sediment of the Lake of Neuchâtel

Coprostanol has been proven to be a good specific allochthonous fecal indicator in sedimentary surface samples of the lake of Neuchâtel (Switzerland). Its concentration is slightly affected in surface sediment by the microbial reduction of cholesterol to cholestanol and coprostanol.     

Recent advances in researches on physiologically active substances in holothurians

In this report, we reviewed recent literature on physiologically active substances from sea cucumbers （SCs） and their activities together with results obtained from our study. Preventive properties against lipid metabolism were reported in rats using a whole SC preparation with no particular constituent specified. Administration of the preparation lowered serum and hepatic cholesterol levels and improved the HDL/LDL ratio. These functions may be attributed to the stimulatory effect of the extract on the secretion of cholesterol in feces. Novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfates （FCSs） from Ludwigothurea grisea significantly induced fibroblast growth factor 2-dependent angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs）. The proangiogenetic activity seemed attributable to the action of the sulfated fucose branches on the polysaccharide. SCs contain mycosporine-like amino acids （MAAs） that are capable of absorbing UV. A biogenetic precursor of MAAs was first reported in SCs. The anti-proliferative effects of a branched chain fatty acid from a sea cucumber on prostate cancer cells was reported with the activity of 5-lipoxygenase. Glycosphingolipid constituents in SCs have been systematically analyzed over the past ten years. The results showed that the gangliosides in several SCs differed from those of mammals in that a sialic acid of SC gangliosides directly binded to glucose of cerebroside. Neuritogenic activity of the glycosphingolipids was demonstrated in vitro experiments and may lead to the development of therapeutic products for neurological disorders. Our study also showed that sphingoid bases, the hydrolyzed products of glycosphingolipids from SCs, induced significant apoptosis in several tumor cell lines.     

摄食鱿鱼对小鼠脂质代谢的影响

研究高胆固醇食物鱿鱼对小鼠脂质代谢的影响.Balb/c小鼠按体重随机分为酪蛋白对照组、鱿鱼添加组6%、9%和12%(以蛋白质含量计)、猪肉添加组12%(以蛋白质含量计),喂食3周.分别检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)和肝脏TC,TG含量.称量小鼠体重,肝脏、肾脏重量以及精巢脂肪重量;观察小鼠进食量并计算食物功效比(FER).猪肉、鱿鱼添加组体重增加均较酪蛋白组明显,鱿鱼添加组肝脏重量较对照组显著增加,而猪肉添加组则显著降低(P<0.05).不同添加量的鱿鱼对小鼠血清TC水平均有显著降低作用,而猪肉则明显提升小鼠血清TC含量.鱿鱼添加组小鼠血清TG、HDL-c浓度及AI均较对照组有不同程度的降低.另一方面,鱿鱼各浓度添加组对小鼠肝脏TC及TG含量均有明显的增加作用.摄食鱿鱼与猪肉对小鼠血清和肝脏脂肪代谢的影响显著不同,进食鱿鱼有助于降低血清中胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量,摄食鱿鱼并不增加动脉粥样硬化的危险性.     

“916”对鹌鹑实验性动脉粥样硬化的预防作用

实验研究海洋新药“916”对动脉粥样硬化的预防作用。结果表明,“916”能明显降低高脂血症鹌鹑血清总胆固醇(TC),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C),升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)及其亚组分Ⅲ(HDL_2—C),减少过氧化脂质(LPO)代谢产物丙二醛(MDA)生成,降低胆固醇,特别是胆固醇在动脉壁中的沉积,抑制动脉壁LPO生成,从而减少动脉粥样斑块的生成,能延缓和阻止了动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。。     

血浆中同型胱氨酸的含量与高脂血症的关系

用氨基酸自动分析仪测定大鼠和人体血浆中的同型胱氨酸。实验指出：同型胱氨酸存在于高脂血症的动物和人体的血浆中,其含量随胆固醇增高而增高。高脂大鼠和高脂血症人血浆中的含量分别为１．６１３±０．１０４和０．２５３～０．６７１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,而正常大鼠及健康人血浆中同条件下几乎检测不出同型胱氨酸。此外,作者用海洋药物＂９１６＂进行了降血脂动物实验,结果表明：给药后,在高脂大鼠的血浆中同型胱氨酸的含量随胆固醇含量下降而降低,与高脂大鼠对照有显著差异。