温度、pH对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)消化酶活力的影响

本文研究了温度、pH对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta(Lamarck))三种主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶)活力的影响。结果表明：当温度在5～75℃之间时，蛋白酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶的最适温度分别为为55℃、45℃和65℃；在不同的pH范围内，蛋白酶的最适PH值为9．2，淀粉酶的最适PH值为6．3和7．7，纤维素酶的最适PH值为5．2。缢蛏的淀粉酶和蛋白酶活力较大，纤维素酶活力极微。     

冷活性纤维素酶性质研究

对海洋嗜冷菌MB1所产冷活性纤维素酶的性质进行了研究。该酶最适反应温度为35℃,0℃时残余酶活约为20％,最适pH值为6．0,在pH5～7．5范围内酶活均较高。该酶对热敏感,50℃保温2h,残余酶活为15％;60℃时,酶完全失活。     

Construction and screening of a functional metagenomic library to identify novel enzymes produced by Antarctic bacteria

A metagenomic fosmid library of approximately 52 000 clones was constructed to identify functional genes encoding cold-adapted enzymes. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from a sample of glacial meltwater,...     

Intraspecific Diversity of Aureobasidium pullulans Strains from Different Marine Environments

Totally more than 500 yeast strains were isolated from seawater, sea sediments, mud of sea salterns, marine fish guts and marine algae. The results of routine and molecular biology identification methods show that nine strains among these marine yeasts belong to Aureobasidium pullulans, although the morphologies of their colonies are very different. The marine yeasts isolated from different marine environments indicate that A. pullulans is widely distributed in different environmental conditions. These Aureobasidium pullulans strains include A. pullulans 4#2, A. pullulans N13d, A. pullulans HN3-11, A. pullulans HN2-3, A. pullulans JHSc,A. pullulans HN4.7, A. pullulans HN5.3, A. pullulans HN6.2 and A. pullulans W13a. A. pullulans 4#2 could produce cellulase and single cell protein. A. pullulans N13d could produce protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase. Both A. pullulans HN3-11 and A. pullulans HN2-3 were able to produce protease, lipase and cellulase. A. pullulans JHSc could secrete cellulase and killer toxin. Both A.pullulans HN4.7 and A. pullulans HN5.3 could yield lipase and cellulase. A. pullulans W13a was able to secrete extracellular amylase and cellulase while A. pullulans HN4.7 and A. pullulans N13d could produce siderophores. This means that different A. pullulans strains from different marine environments have different physiological characteristics, which may be applied in many different biotechnological industries.     

产碱性纤维素酶海洋细菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质研究

用CMC平板筛选方法,从青岛近海海域海水中分离出一株产碱性纤维素酶的海洋菌株QM11,经16S rDNA鉴定,该菌株为Cytophaga fucicola.对该菌的生物学特性研究表明,其最适生长温度为27℃,生长温度范围为4～48℃,为耐冷菌;在pH7.0～8.0、含3.0%NaC1的培养基条件下,最适宜菌株生长和产酶;QM11所产碱性纤维素酶最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH为9.0,在碱性条件下具有较高的酶活性和较好的稳定性.Mn2+、Fe3+对酶反应具有促进作用,Cu2+、Pb2+对酶反应具有抑制作用.     

Isolation and characteristics of one marine psychrotrophic cellulase-generating bacterium Ar/w/b/75°/10/5 from Chuckchi Sea,Arctic

Microorganisms living in polar zones play an important part as the potential source of organic activity materials with low temperature characteristics in the bio-technological applications. A psychrotrophic bacterium (strain Ar/w/b/75°/10/5) , producing cellulose at low temperatures during late-exponential and early-stationary phases of cell growth, was isolated from sea ice-covered surface water in Chuckchi Sea, Arctic. This bacterium, with rod cells, was Gram-negative, slightly halophilic. Colony growing on agar plate was in black. Optimum growth temperature was 15℃. No cell growth was observed at 351 or above. Optimum salt concentration for cell growth was between 2 and 3 % of sodium chloride in media. Maximal cellulase activity was detected at a temperature of 35℃ and pH8. Cellulase was irreversibly inactivated when incubated at 55℃ within 30 min. Enzyme can be kept stable at the temperature no higher than 25℃. Of special interest was that this bacterium produced various extracellular enzymes i     

华贵栉孔扇贝基础群体内大小分化个体的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力比较

在2006年3月,从湛江乌石养殖的华贵栉孔扇贝群体随机挑选100只个体作为亲本建立了基础群体。在2006年10月,从基础群体分别选择大、小个体构成两个子群体,比较了这两个子群体在不同温度时的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力的差异。在20℃时,两个子群体的淀粉酶活力差异不显著(P>0.05);在25℃和30℃时,大个体子群体的淀粉酶活力显著大于小个体子群体的淀粉酶活力(P<0.05)。在20、25和30℃时,大个体子群体的纤维素酶活力显著大于小个体子群体的纤维素酶活力(P<0.05)。这些说明华贵栉孔扇贝的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力与生长性状相一致。     

氟苯尼考对海洋沉积物中胞外酶活性的影响

通过室内模拟实验研究了氟苯尼考对海洋沉积物中纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在整个培养期间,低浓度(10mg/kg)的氟苯尼考对纤维素酶和过氧化氢酶活性没有明显影响,而较高浓度(100mg/kg和500mg/kg)则对过氧化氢酶活性具有明显的抑制作用,且随着氟苯尼考浓度的增加抑制作用加大。氟苯尼考在初始阶段对沉积物中多酚氧化酶的活性有显著的抑制作用;随着培养时间的延长,低浓度(10mg/kg)的氟苯尼考对酶活性的影响变得不明显,而较高浓度(100mg/kg和500mg/kg)的氟苯尼考在整个培养期间对多酚氧化酶的活性都具有显著的抑制作用。     

Intraspecific diversity of Aureobasidium pullulans strains from different marine environments

Totally more than 500 yeast strains were isolated from seawater, sea sediments, mud of sea salterns, marine fish guts and marine algae. The results of routine and molecular biology identification methods show that nine strains among these marine yeasts belong to Aureobasidium pullulans, although the morphologies of their colonies are very different. The marine yeasts isolated from different marine environments indicate that A. pullulans is widely distributed in different environmental conditions. These Aureobasidium pullulans strains include A. pullulans 4#2, A. pullulans N13d, A. pullulans HN3-11, A. pullulans HN2-3, A. pullulans JHSc, A. pullulans HN4.7, A. pullulans HN5.3, A. pullulans HN6.2 and A. pullulans W13a. A. pullulans 4#2 could produce cellulase and single cell protein. A. pullulans N13d could produce protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase. Both A. pullulans HN3-11 and A. pullulans HN2-3 were able to produce protease, lipase and cellulase. A. pullulans JHSc could secrete cellulase and killer toxin. Both A. pullulans HN4.7 and A. pullulans HN5.3 could yield lipase and cellulase. A. pullulans W13a was able to secrete extracellular amylase and cellulase while A. pullulans HN4.7 and A. pullulans N13d could produce siderophores. This means that different A. pullulans strains from different marine environments have different physiological characteristics, which may be applied in many different biotechnological industries.     

一株源于红树林根际土壤产纤维素酶芽孢杆菌的鉴定及其酶学性质分析

从红树林根际土壤中筛选出一株产纤维素酶的革兰氏阳性菌,通过形态、生化特征及16S r RNA基因序列分析鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。对其产纤维素酶能力进行分析,发现该菌株所产纤维素酶的最适反应温度为55°C,最适p H为6。酶学性质分析发现,在反应温度为55°C时,该菌株产生的纤维素酶稳定性最好,保温120min后仍具有80%以上的相对酶活力;在p H为5—7时,酶活性相对稳定,相对酶活力均维持在80%左右。Cu~(2+)对该酶有一定的抑制作用,Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和Co~(2+)均对酶有一定的促进作用。本研究显示这株芽孢杆菌具有良好的应用前景,为该菌株在水产饲料添加剂中的进一步研究与应用提供参考依据。