Aquaculture of Sarcothalia atropurpurea tetraspores in New Zealand for carrageenan production

The endemic red seaweed Sarcothalia atropurpurea is a potentially valuable source of carrageenan, but no information is available on growing this species as a crop in New Zealand. Tetraspores released from wild-harvested reproductive thalli were settled onto strings and grown initially in tanks under two different day-lengths. Seeded strings were transplanted to open water at 2, 6 and 10 weeks after spore release. Gametophytic biomass was harvested twice by pruning plants approximately six and nine months after spore release. Sporeling length was correlated with day length during tank culture but these differences were not apparent after a period of open-water culture. Spores cultured with medium day-length for 6–10 weeks before transfer to open water grew into harvestable plants that contained similar amounts and types of carrageenan to that from wild material. These results demonstrate for the first time that aquaculture of gametophytic S. atropurpurea from tetraspores is possible.     

卡拉胶及其结构研究进展

本文概述了卡拉胶的类型、命名、卡拉胶结构特征及卡拉胶在藻体中的存在情况，介绍了卡拉胶的一些分析方法。     

硒化物在文蛤响应镉胁迫过程中作用的转录组学分析

研究两种硒化物在文蛤富集、排出镉过程中的作用,对文蛤进行转录组测序,并进行生物信息学分析,以探讨硒化物对Cd2+代谢相关机制。硒化卡拉胶组和亚硒酸钠组共产出587 855条高质量reads。基因本体分析功能注释到15 380条unigenes, KEGG通路注释到18 866条unigenes。差异基因主要富集到肌球蛋白复合物(myosin complex)、离子通道抑制(ion channel suppression)等基因本体分析功能中。差异基因KEGG通路富集显示,在嘌呤代谢(purinemetabolism)、ECM受体相互作用(extracellularmatrix receptor interaction)、硒化合物代谢(metabolism of selenium compounds)等通路显著富集。从结果分析Cd2+可以使文蛤体内蛋白转录修饰出现异常;有机硒可以通过调控金属离子通道活性来排出细胞内的Cd2+;无机硒主要作用于文蛤细胞表面,增强其表面活性抵御Cd2+进入细胞;差异基因KEGG注释结果表明有机硒与无机硒在文蛤重金属代谢中作用机制以及途径不相同。     

Structure and anti-influenza A (H1N1) virus activity of three polysaccharides from Eucheuma denticulatum

Three polysaccharides(EW,EH and EA) were prepared from a red alga Eucheuma denticulatum by sequential extraction with cold water,hot water and sodium hydroxide water solution.Their monosaccharide compositions,relative molecular mass and structural characterization were determined by gas chromatography,high performance 1iquid chromatography,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods.EW was hybrid ι/κ/ν-carrageenan(70 ι/17κ/13ν-carrabiose),EH was mainly ι-carrageenan,and EA was mainly α-1,4-Glucan(88%) but mixed with small amount of ι-carrageenan(12%).The relative molecular mass of EW,EH and EA was 480,580 and 510 kDa,respectively.The anti-influenza A(H1N1) virus activity of these three polysaccharides was evaluated using the Madin-Darby canine kidney cells model.EW showed good anti-H1N1 virus activity,its IC 50 was 276.5 μg mL-1,and the inhibition rate to H1N1 virus was 52% when its concentration was 250 μg mL-1.The IC 50 of ι-carrageenan EH was 366.4 μg mL-1,whereas EA showed lower anti-H1N1 virus activity(IC 50 >430 μg mL-1).Available data obtained give positive evidence that the hybrid carrageenan EW from Eucheuma denticulatum can be used as potential anti-H1N1 virus inhibitor in future.     

A comparative analysis of four kinds of polysaccharides purified from Furcellaria lumbricalis

Four kinds of polysaccharides (FA, FB, FC and FD) were extracted and purified from a red alga Furcellaria lumbricalis. Their monosaccharide composition, average molecular mass and structural feature were determined by gas chromatography (GC), high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The results showed that FA and FB were composed of galactose (Gal), 3,6-anhydro-galactose (AnG) and 4-sulfated-galactose (G4S), which were structurally similar to β-carrageenan and κ-carrageenan. FC was composed of sulfated galactose and small amount of AnG, indicating that it was a hybrid-sulfated galactan. FD was composed of α-1,4-glucose and belonged to floridean starch. The respective yields of FA, FB, FC and FD were 4.84%, 33.74%, 8.76% and 13.5%, and the corresponding were 537 kD, 432 kD, 513 kD and 51 kD respectively. Owning to its high content (>60%) of polysaccharide, F. lumbricalis will be a good source of marine sulfated polysaccharide and shows its potential utilization in food and medicine.     

一种蠕虫叉红藻硫酸半乳聚糖的粘度特性研究

探讨红藻多糖在食品中的应用前景,对蠕虫叉红藻（Furcellaria lumbricalis）中1种硫酸半乳聚糖（FB）的粘度特性进行了研究。采用流变仪通过与标准k-卡拉胶（KCA）比较,分析FB在不同温度、pH、金属离子以及酪蛋白存在下粘度的变化。结果表明,在25～50℃下,FB水溶液的粘度随温度升高而迅速下降;在相同温度下,FB水溶液粘度稍受pH值大小的影响;钾离子和钙离子均能降低FB水溶液粘度,但Ca^2＋的加入能明显提高酪蛋白与FB混合水溶液体系粘度。由于FB和KCA粘度变化行为具有相似性,这为FB用作食品添加剂提供了有用数据。     

几种海藻多糖硫酸酯碱式铝盐的制备

本文以褐藻胶和κ-卡拉胶为原料通过酸水解分别获得了低聚的甘露糖醛酸、古罗糖醛酸和低聚 κ-卡拉胶 ,并采用 HPGPC法测定了这 3种低聚糖的重均分子量。在此基础上再经硫酸酯化和成盐修饰制备了各自的硫酸酯碱式铝盐。对制得的几种碱式铝盐进行了红外光谱 (IR)分析和有机硫含量 (S% )、铝含量 (Al% )及样品制酸力等部分理化性质的测定。测定结果初步显示出这几种海藻多糖硫酸酯碱式铝盐较好的抗消化性溃疡前景。     

热带产卡拉胶海藻形态及表皮特征比较

2008年6月至2009年6月,在山东青岛实验室和海南陵水试验平台,以光学显微镜及电子扫描显微镜等技术,对12种原产印度尼西亚和菲律宾热带产胶红藻外观形态,表皮细胞特征进行了比较。结果表明：1）不同株系藻体呈现褐色、绿色、黄绿色、翡翠绿色、橄榄绿色和咖啡色等多样性;2）在表皮细胞特性方面,5号株系细胞最小、排列最致密、...     

海洋硫酸多糖几种脱硫方法的比较研究

以κ-卡拉胶(硫酸基含量25.1％,分子质量83.1 kD)为原料,研究了二甲基亚砜-甲醇法(DMSO法)、三甲基氯硅烷法(CTMS法)以及苯并四甲酸-三氧化二锑法(PMA法)对其脱硫后多糖样品的得率、硫酸基含量及分子质量的影响.结果表明,κ-卡拉胶经三种方法脱硫后,样品得率分别为45.3％、50.6％和62.0％,脱硫率分别为42.2％、48.6％和82.8％,分子质量分别为15.7、22.3和4.75 kD.通过红外光谱和硫酸基含量分析表明,PMA法脱硫效果优于DMSO和CTMS法.PMA法不仅对κ-卡拉胶有效,而且适合于l-卡拉胶、λ-卡拉胶和岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的脱硫.