沉积钙质白云石带状面缺陷的择优取向

作者用透射电子显微镜研究了沉积钙质白云石中的带状面缺陷。在衍衬象中面缺陷呈现出特有的条纹衬度,并具有一定的择优取向,它们沿着｛018｝面排列。面缺陷也可分叉,分枝部分平等于｛2－／10｝面。根据白云石面缺陷的取向,本文提出了鞍状白云石宏观弯曲面和微观面缺陷的取向关系。     

钙质成岩作用对有孔虫氧同位素的影响

通过对南海北部ODPl84航次1148站井深477m之下深海相渐新世浮游有孔虫Globoquadrina压扁壳、次生方解石和充填壳的氧同位素对比，定量分析了钙质成岩作用对壳体氧同位素的影响，结果发现，受成岩作用影响，1148站浮游有孔虫氧同位素显著变轻，这种变化趋势与低纬度开放性大洋明显不同。其原因可能与南海海盆扩张早期，大量陆源物质从较窄陆架可以直接沉积到海底，由于陆源物质氧同位素相对偏负，当与海洋沉积物混合后，引起本区沉积物孔隙水氧离子浓度变轻。而扩张初始，高的沉积速率可能使钙质壳体被快速封存在一个相对孤立的系统中，造成孔隙水离子成为影响壳体氧同位素变化的主要因素。当氧同位素相对较重的有孔虫壳体溶解和重结晶并与孔隙水离子发生交换时，引起壳体δ^18O负向偏移。     

渐新世/中新世分界的地层学事件

介绍渐新世/中新世分界面(即古近纪/新近纪分界面)附近的浮游有孔虫和钙质超微化石事件及其新年龄。2004年国际地层年代表确定该分界面位于第58长偏心率周期弱振幅处,古地磁事件C6Cn.2n底面,经天文调谐后的年龄为23.03 Ma。发生在该界面附近的生物地层学事件主要是浮游有孔虫Paragloborotalia kugleri的始现面(22.96 Ma)和钙质超微化石Sphenolithus delphix的末现面(23.11 Ma)。在南海北部东沙群岛附近的大洋钻探ODP1148站,渐新世/中新世界面以崩塌沉积物为特征,有明显沉积间断,标志南海当时有较大范围的构造运动。     

南海表层沉积物中钙质超微化石分布特征

为系统描述钙质超微化石在南海表层沉积中的分布特征,对遍布南海的175个样品进行了实验分析。发现不同地区钙质超微化石绝对丰度相差很大,从0—3.8×1010个.g-1不等。平面上将钙质超微化石丰度分为3个区。共鉴定出钙质超微化石21属28种,以Emiliania huxleyi、Florisphaera profunda和Gephyrocapsa oceanica为优势种,其中Florisphaera profunda占据绝对优势。南海钙质超微化石分布具有两个明显特征:一是14°N线南北两边钙质超微化石的分布存在差异;二是南海钙质超微化石丰度以南沙群岛和西沙群岛两片海域为最高,并有东北-西南走向的分布趋势。对影响钙质超微化石分布的水深、上升流与营养盐、陆源物质稀释作用、碳酸盐溶解作用等因素作了讨论,并根据钙质超微化石随水深的变化推测南海碳酸盐补偿深度应在4 000m左右。     

对综合测井曲线解释的几点体会

本文阐述了在地质找矿中从地质角度对综合测井曲线解释的重要性；指出了测井曲线的一般特点和特殊优点；尤其对致密钙质岩石在测井曲线上的表现形式及其厚度确定做了深入研究；分析了测井曲线解释存在的问题；最后提出了几点建议。     

Rock composition and origin of the Duwi Formation calcareous rocks, Upper Egypt

Upper Cretaceous phosphorite beds of the Duwi Formation, Upper Egypt, are intercalated with limestone, sandy limestone, marl, calcareous shales, and calcareous sandstone. Calcareous intercalations were subjected to field and detailed petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical investigations in order to constrain their rock composition and origin. Mineralogically, dolomite, calcite, quartz, francolite and feldspars are the non-clay minerals. Smectite, kaolinite and illite represent the clay minerals. Major and trace elements can be classified as the detrital and carbonate fractions based on their sources. The detrital fraction includes the elements that are derived from detrital sources, mainly clay minerals and quartz, such as Si, Al, Fe, Ti, K, Ba, V, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, Cu, Zr, and Mo. The carbonate fraction includes the elements that are derived from carbonates, maily calcite and dolomite, such as Ca, Mg and Sr. Dolomite occurs as being dense, uniform, mosaic, very fine-to-fine, non-ferroan, and non-stoichiometrical, suggesting its early diagenetic formation in a near-shore oxidizing shallow marine environment. The close association and positive correlation between dolomite and smectite indicates the role of clay minerals in the formation of dolomite as a source of Mg^2＋ -rich solutions. Calcareous rocks were deposited in marine, oxidizing and weakly alkaline conditions, marking a semi-arid climatic period. The calcareous/argillaceous alternations are due to oscillations in clay/carbonate ratio.     

井资料高分辨率层序地层学

在准层序中进行层组一级地层单元的识别和对比是高分辨率层序地层学研究的主要难点.提出了一种综合应用井资料进行层组界面识别和对比的新方法.通过测井曲线形态特征、岩心观察、铸体薄片、X衍射、扫描电镜分析、FMI测井资料, 对工区内钙质夹层成因、泥岩电阻率差异、储层电阻率和海拔深度关系进行了研究.结果表明: 钙质夹层单层厚度在0.5~2m之间, 靠近风化壳和断层位置单层厚度大, 分布在水下分支河道底部和河口坝顶部; 低阻泥岩(4~5Ω·m)和高阻泥岩(> 10Ω·m) 分别来源于不同的沉积物源或者形成于不同的沉积相带; 储层电阻率随着海拔深度的增加而增加.因此, 钙质夹层可以作为层组界面识别和对比的标志, 利用泥岩电阻率差异可以确定层组的叠置关系, 判断储层连通性.据此, 建立了准噶尔盆地石南地区西山窑组含油层段等时地层格架, 确定了格架内储层的连通性及油水界面, 并且通过MDT测井资料进行了验证.在此等时地层格架内, 层组的发育顺序、叠置关系、空间展布形态、以及彼此之间的连通性都被定性、定量的表征出来.      

新近纪海相生物地层事件年龄新编

介绍新近纪海相生物地层研究的新进展。2004年新的"国际地质年代表"以405ka偏心率长周期为基础来划分新近纪的主要地层界线,标志着轨道地层学时代的到来。新生代包括E1—E162偏心率长周期,底界的年龄为65.5±0.3Ma,其中新近纪有E1—E58周期,底界年龄为23.03Ma,并且根据天文调谐得出一系列新的古地磁年龄和生物事件年龄。由于这些新年龄,特别是接近新近纪底部的年龄与早期结果相差0.5Ma或更大,所以将其汇总介绍,以求与当前国际研究保持同步衔接,增强海洋新近纪高分辨率地层工作的准确性。     

南海高钙沉积物中18种常微量元素的ICP-AES测定方法研究

在利用ICP-AES分析南海高钙沉积物中的常微量元素时,钙、镁常常干扰其它元素测试。通过采用优化仪器工作参数、扣除背景值、谱线干扰校正和基体匹配的步骤,消除了元素干扰和钙、镁基体效应,提高了方法的灵敏度和准确度。通过对南海沉积物样品的大量实验和国家一级标准样验证,建立了适宜高钙海洋沉积物元素含量的ICP-AES测试方法。该方法检出限为1.55~271μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD<4.54%(n=6)。     

Stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Sediments from the Carpathian Bend Area, Romania

The Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Ceahl?u Nappe (from the bend region of the Romanian Carpathians) were investigated from lithological and micropaleontological (calcareous nannoplankton) points of view. Our investigations revealed that the studied deposits were sedimented within the latest Tithonian-Albian interval. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages of the turbidite calcareous successions (the Sinaia Formation) were assigned to the NJK-?NC5 calcareous nannofossil zones, which cover the Late Tithonian-Early Barremian interval. The sandy-shaly turbidites, which followed the calcareous turbidites of the Sinaia Formation, are Early Barremian-Early Albian in age (interval covered by the ?NC5-NC8 calcareous nannofossil zones). Because the studied deposited are mainly turbidites, many reworked nannofossils from older deposits are present in the calcareous nannofloras. Thus, some biozones (i.e., NC5), defined based on the last occurrences of nannofossils, could not be identified. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages are composed of Tethyan taxa (which dominate the nannofloras) and cosmopolitan taxa. During two intervals (the Late Valanginian and across the Barremian/Aptian boundary), Tethyan and cosmopolitan nannofossils, together with Boreal ones, were observed. This type of mixed calcareous nannoplankton assemblage is indicative for sea-level high-stand, which allows the nannofloral exchange between the Tethyan and Boreal realms, within the two-above mentioned intervals.