杭锦旗北部牧草引种试验

利用在内蒙古杭锦旗北部进行牧草引种试验的数据,结合产量效益分析了4个牧草品种对当地土壤与气候条件的适应性,初步得出适应杭锦旗北部气候、生态条件的牧草品种,并通过产量效益分析,确定了适合当地的牧草间、混作模式,为当地建立人工饲草基地发展生态畜牧业提供决策参考。     

重锤式拖网取样器模型试验研究

重锤式拖网取样器是对现行常规拖网的技术改进。通过理论模型设计与机械加工试验,研制出了一套重锤机械结构。该机构在拖网取样时利用钢缆拉力蓄积能量拉动内部拉杆,并通过销轴机构释放能量加速冲击芯块,撞击壳体产生巨大的瞬时冲击力,拽动拖网破碎岩石,然后使用复位弹簧使机构复位,重新工作。可以使常规拖网取样器和牵引钢缆更加安全,并大大提高拖网作业的成功率与效率。     

A systematic approach to the input determination for neural network rainfall–runoff models

Input determination has a great influence on the performance of artificial neural network (ANN) rainfall–runoff models. To improve the performance of ANN models, a systematic approach to the input determination for ANN models is proposed. In the proposed approach, the irrelevant inputs are removed. Then an adequate ANN model, which only includes highly relevant inputs, is constructed. Unlike the trial‐and‐error procedure, the proposed approach is more systematic and avoids unnecessary trials. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an application to actual typhoon events is presented. The results show that the proposed ANN model, which is constructed by the proposed approach, has advantages over those obtained by the trial‐and‐error procedure. The proposed ANN model has a simpler architecture, needs less training time, and performs better. The proposed ANN model is recommended as an alternative to existing rainfall–runoff ANN models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of clayed silt properties on the behavior of hydrate production in South China Sea

Gas hydrate is one kind of potential energy resources that is buried under deep seafloor or frozen areas. The first trial offshore production from the silty reservoir was conducted in the South China Sea by the China Geological Survey (CGS). During this test, there were many unique characteristics different from the sand reservoir, which was believed to be related to the clayed silt physical properties. In this paper, simulation experiments, facilities analysis, and theoretical calculation were used to confirm the hydrate structure, reservoir thermo-physical property, and bond water movement rule. And the behavior of how they affected production efficiency was analyzed. The results showed that: It was reasonable to use the structure I rather than structure II methane hydrate phase equilibrium data to make the production plan; the dissociation heat absorbed by hydrate was large enough to cause hydrate self-protection or reformation depend on the reservoir thermal transfer and gas supply; clayed silt got better thermal conductivity compared to coarse grain, but poor thermal convection especially with hydrate; clayed silt sediment was easy to bond water, but the irreducible water can be exchanged to free water under high production pressure, and the most obvious pressure range of water increment was 1.9–4.9 MPa.     

Identification of functionally active aerobic methanotrophs and their methane oxidation potential in sediments from the Shenhu Area,South China Sea

Large amounts of gas hydrate are distributed in the northern slope of the South China Sea, which is a potential threat of methane leakage. Aerobic methane oxidation by methanotrophs, significant methane biotransformation that occurs in sediment surface and water column, can effectively reduce atmospheric emission of hydrate-decomposed methane. To identify active aerobic methanotrophs and their methane oxidation potential in sediments from the Shenhu Area in the South China Sea, multi-day enrichm...     

Stability analysis of seabed strata and casing structure during the natural gas hydrates exploitation by depressurization in horizontal wells in South China Sea

Natural gas hydrates(NGHs) are a new type of clean energy with great development potential. However, it is urgent to achieve safe and economical NGHs development and utilization. This study established a physical model of the study area using the FLAC^3D software based on the key parameters of the NGHs production test area in the South China Sea, including the depressurization method, and mechanical parameters of strata, NGHs occurrence characteristics, and the technological characteri...     

Experimental investigation of hydrate formation in water-dominated pipeline and its influential factors

Blockage in water-dominated flow pipelines due to hydrate reformation has been suggested as a potential safety issue during the hydrate production. In this work, flow velocity-dependent hydrate formation features are investigated in a fluid circulation system with a total length of 39 m. A 9-m section pipe is transparent consisted of two complete rectangular loops. By means of pressurization with gas-saturated water, the system can gradually reach the equilibrium conditions. The result shows tha...     

Formation mechanism,experimental method,and property characterization of grain-displacing methane hydrates in marine sediment: A review

Grain-displacing hydrate deposits exist at many marine sites, which constitute an important part of methane hydrate resources worldwide. Attributed to the difficulties in acquiring field data and synthesizing experimental samples, the formation and property characterization of grain-displacing hydrate remains less understood and characterized than the pore-filling hydrate in current literature. This study reviews the formation mechanisms of grain-displacing hydrate from the perspective of geolog...     

基于无人飞艇平台的航磁系统试验与应用

介绍了艇载航磁系统的研制与集成,采用的飞行平台为无人飞艇,配备有优秀的飞控导航系统和高精度航空磁测系统,可实现无人驾驶、三维自主导航沿设计测线飞行.该系统分别完成了飞行试验与实际应用工作,测量成果与测区内以往航磁成果进行对比,结果显示其反映的地磁场特征形态基本一致,验证了系统的有效性;因工作比例尺与飞行参数不同,本次航磁异常等值线在细节上表现更为细致,弱磁异常表现更为清晰.在实际生产应用中,本系统为一些地面勘查难度大,范围小的区域进行航磁测量等提供了一种快速、高效的工作手段.     

引黄水在北大港水库蓄存期水质咸化的研究

依据引黄水在北大港水库蓄存期水质咸化的事实以及传质理论,定性地分析了引黄水水质咸化的主要原因,包括盐碱土传质作用、蒸发浓缩作用以及风的扰动加速传质作用等.在北大港水库旁修建了一个模拟试验水池,进行了现场模拟试验研究.依据水量平衡和氯离子总量平衡的原理,分别定量地计算了传质作用和蒸发浓缩作用对水质咸化影响的比重.结果表明,在模拟水池蓄水后的30 d内,传质作用对水质咸化影响的比重有随时间增加而增长的趋势;30 d后,传质作用对水质咸化影响的比重稳定在80%,蒸发浓缩作用对水质咸化影响的比重稳定在20%,说明导致水质咸化的最主要因素是盐碱土传质作用.