酶法催化餐饮废油制备生物柴油的研究

以废物资源转化为宗旨,利用固定化脂肪酶催化餐饮废油与乙醇反应制备生物柴油,通过实验获得最佳酯化反应条件:反应温度47℃、有机溶剂为正己烷、醇油比3∶1,5次投加乙醇,酶用量为0.3g,反应时间32h时,生物柴油产率可达81%。     

A Comprehensive Review on Microalgae-Based Biorefinery as Two-Way Source of Wastewater Treatment and Bioresource Recovery

In the past few years, microalgae have gained huge recognition from the scientific community due to their potential applications in the production of a broad array of bio-based products varying from biofuels to nanoparticles. Due to their elevated growth rate, high tolerance to various types of abiotic stresses, and complex metabolic capacity, microalgae can be used as promising tools for the attainment of a circular bioeconomy. Moreover, they can simply utilize nutrients from wastewater for biorefinery purposes, resulting in resource recovery coupled with wastewater treatment. However, due to their sub-optimal yields and high production costs, microalgae-based bio-products have not yet been commercialized. This review provides insights into the employment of microalgae as an efficient bioresource for the treatment of wastewater with simultaneous enactment as a biorefinery to produce biofuels, biochar, bioplastic, fertilizers, and other high-value bioproducts. Furthermore, the application of microalgal nanoparticles in wastewater treatment and prospects for genetic modification of microalgae for enhanced biorefinery capabilities have also been briefly highlighted.     

Potential land for plantation of Jatropha curcas as feedstocks for biodiesel in China

As a renewable energy,biofuel has attracted great attention in China and the rest of world.Concerned with the national food security,China recently has shifted its biofuel development priority from grain-based to non-grain-based biofuels,including forest-based biodiesel,since 2007.Jatropha curcas is one of major biodiesel feedstocks.However,there is rising debate on availability of land for expanding Jatropha curcas areas.The overall goal of this paper is to evaluate potential land for Jatropha curcas used ...     

Ethanol Production Using Corn,Switchgrass, and Wood; Biodiesel Production Using Soybean and Sunflower

Energy outputs from ethanol produced using corn, switchgrass, and wood biomass were each less than the respective fossil energy inputs. The same was true for producing biodiesel using soybeans and sunflower, however, the energy cost for producing soybean biodiesel was only slightly negative compared with ethanol production. Findings in terms of energy outputs compared with the energy inputs were: • Ethanol production using corn grain required 29% more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel produced. • Ethanol production using switchgrass required 50% more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel produced. • Ethanol production using wood biomass required 57% more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel produced. • Biodiesel production using soybean required 27% more fossil energy than the biodiesel fuel produced (Note, the energy yield from soy oil per hectare is far lower than the ethanol yield from corn). • Biodiesel production using sunflower required 118% more fossil energy than the biodiesel fuel produced.     

Effect of Fe3+ on the growth and lipid content of Isochrysis galbana

Inducing lipid accumulation in microalgae cells without suppressing cell growth is vital to the economical production of biodiesel from microalgae. In two experiments, we demonstrate that the cell concentration and lipid content of marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana depend upon the iron concentration in the growth media. In Experiment I, adding chelated FeCl 3 to the medium at the late exponential growth phase prolonged this phase and increased the lipid content in I. galbana cells. The fi nal cell density and lipid content of I. galbana supplemented with chelated FeCl 3 was approximately 2 and 1.65 times higher than that of non-supplemented cultures, respectively. In Experiment II, I. galbana cells in the late exponential phase were collected and re-inoculated into new media containing Fe 3+ at various concentrations. The fi nal cell concentration and lipid content were maximized at the highest iron concentration(38% biomass by dry weight at 1.2×10-5 mol/L Fe 3+). In this study, intracellular neutral lipid storage was evaluated by fl uorescent spectrophotometry using fl uorochrome Nile red, and the measurement conditions were optimized.     

一株蹄形藻(Kirchneriella sp.)的生长和油脂积累潜力评价

优质产油藻种是实现微藻油脂产业化生产的基础,蹄形藻可以积累高含量的储藏性三酰甘油,但其是否具有微藻油脂开发潜力,目前仍然缺少系统的评价。利用形态学和分子技术对分离自暨南大学南湖的一株微藻进行鉴定,通过设置4种硝酸钠浓度(3.6、9.0、18.0和36.0 mmol/L),测定生物质浓度、总脂含量、脂肪酸组成、光合效率等指标,评价该藻株的产油能力,并利用现有模型,计算生物柴油的质量参数。经鉴定该藻株为蹄形藻JNU-3201 (Kirchneriella sp. JNU-3201),在整个培养周期内,其碳水化合物含量(干重)均低于20%,蛋白质含量呈降低趋势,总脂含量逐渐增加,说明脂类是该藻的主要储能物质;主要脂肪酸包括油酸(C18︰1)、棕榈酸(C16︰0)和亚油酸(C18︰2);该藻株的生长和油脂含量明显受氮素水平影响,在最低氮浓度条件下(3.6mmol/L),获得最高总脂含量(46.92%±1.52%,干重),在最高氮浓度条件下(36.0mmol/L),获得最高生物质浓度[(6.53±0.11)g/L],在18.0 mmol/L条件下,获得最高总脂产量[(2.43±0.06) g/L...     

基于熵权的产生物柴油微藻开发潜力评价

结合青岛地区不同季节室外温度变化特点,采用熵权法对9株微藻利用发电厂废气生产生物柴油的户外开发潜力进行评估。选取油脂产率、油脂组成、CO2耐受性、破壁难易度和温度适应性5项指标,根据实验室测得的数据进行计算,得出春冬季以上5项指标的权重分别为0.261、0.002、0.059、0.211和0.467,而夏秋季以上5项指标的权重分别为0.098、0.001、0.022、0.079和0.801。在此权重的基础上,得出在春冬季节开发潜力最大的藻株为微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.ZL-12),在夏秋季节开发潜力最大的藻株为球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana C5001)。本方法为户外大规模开发生物柴油的微藻藻种选择提供了一个有效的思路。     

纳米ZnO-La_2O_3固体碱的制备及其催化废弃煎炸油制备生物柴油

本文采用共沉淀法,以草酸铵为沉淀剂制备了ZnO-La2O3固体碱,并将其应用于催化废弃煎炸油与甲醇的酯交换反应制备生物柴油,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂的组成和形貌进行表征。结果表明:700℃煅烧制备的催化剂具有较好的催化活性,催化剂是由ZnO和La2O3组成,锌镧摩尔比为3∶1,粒径在100nm左右。该催化剂用量5%(为油的质量)、醇油摩尔比36∶1、200℃反应3h,得到的脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)产率达到91.6%;催化剂经过洗涤和干燥,无需活化可继续使用,连续使用第四次后,脂肪酸甲酯的产率仍保持在80%以上。     

微藻总脂含量测定方法概述

概述微藻总脂含量测定方法的研究现状并比较各方法的优缺点:(1)有机溶剂提取法使用较普遍、易操作、成本低,缺点是所需样品量大、所得总脂含量较低、溶剂有毒易污染环境、操作耗时费力;(2)索氏提取法测定微藻总脂含量较准确,缺点是所需试剂和样品量大,提取时间长;(3)荧光染料测定法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法、磷酸香草醛法、铜试剂法、苏丹黑染色法以及核磁共振法所需样品量少、所用时间短,但测定的总脂含量均为相对值.其中,荧光染料测定法不需要提取油脂且灵敏度高,但其易受各种因子影响;傅里叶变换红外光谱法和核磁共振法对样品无损伤,无需或仅需很少的预处理,后者重复性很好;磷酸香草醛法较稳定;铜试剂法成本低,但对其报道极少;苏丹黑染色法操作简单,不需要对藻细胞破碎及化学抽提,但不适用于不均匀样品的测定;(4)超临界CO2提取法和离子液体提取法提取效率高,所得总脂含量较高,但测定成本较高.     

富油微藻富碳培养下油脂积累及固碳研究

微藻固碳是一种新型节能减排技术,具有长期可持续发展的潜力。本文对两株富油微藻（球等鞭金藻和微拟球藻）进行了富碳培养下生长特性及中性脂积累特性的研究。两株富油微藻的最佳培养条件为10%CO₂浓度和f培养基。本研究对两株富油微藻的最大生物量产率、总脂含量、最大油脂产率、微藻的C含量和CO₂固定率进行了测定。球等鞭金藻的各参数指标分别为：142.42±4.58g/（m²·d）,39.95%±0.77%,84.47±1.56g/（m²·d）,45.98%±1.75%和33.74±1.65g/（m²·d）。微拟球藻的各参数指标分别为：149.92±1.80g/（m²·d）,37.91%±0.58%,89.90±1.98g/（m²·d）,46.88%±2.01%和34.08±1.32g/（m²·d）。实验结果显示,两株海洋微藻均属于高固碳优良藻株,适合应用于微藻烟气减排技术开发,具备用于海洋生物质能耦合CO₂减排开发的潜力。