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Mari Ito Myron J. Mitchell Charles T. Driscoll Robert M. Newton Chris E. Johnson Karen M. Roy 《水文研究》2007,21(10):1249-1264
The southwestern Adirondack region of New York receives among the highest rates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in the USA. Atmospheric N deposition to sensitive ecosystems, like the Adirondacks, may increase the acidification of soils through losses of exchangeable nutrient cations, and the acidification of surface waters associated with enhanced mobility of nitrate (NO3?). However, watershed attributes, including surficial terrestrial characteristics, in‐lake processing, and geological settings, have been found to complicate the relationships between atmospheric N deposition and N drainage losses. We studied two lake‐watersheds in the southwestern Adirondacks, Grass Pond and Constable Pond, which are located in close proximity (~26 km) and receive similarly high N deposition, but have contrasting watershed attributes (e.g. wetland area, geological settings). Since the difference in the influence of N deposition was minimal, we were able to examine both within‐ and between‐watershed influences of land cover, the contribution of glacial till groundwater inputs, and in‐lake processes on surface water chemistry with particular emphasis on N solutes and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Monthly samples at seven inlets and one outlet of each lake were collected from May to October in 1999 and 2000. The concentrations of NO3? were high at the Grass Pond inlets, especially at two inlets, and NO3? was the major N solute at the Grass Pond inlets. The concentrations of likely weathering products (i.e. dissolved Si, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+) as well as acid neutralizing capacity and pH values, were also particularly high at those two Grass Pond inlets, suggesting a large contribution of groundwater inputs. Dissolved organic N (DON) was the major N solute at the Constable Pond inlets. The higher concentrations of DON and DOC at the Constable Pond inlets were attributed to a large wetland area in the watershed. The DOC/DON ratios were also higher at the Constable Pond inlets, possibly due to a larger proportion of coniferous forest area. Although DON and DOC were strongly related, the stronger relationship of the proportion of wetland area with DOC suggests that additional factors regulate DON. The aggregated representation of watershed physical features (i.e. elevation, watershed area, mean topographic index, hypsometric‐analysis index) was not clearly related to the lake N and DOC chemistry. Despite distinctive differences in inlet N chemistry, NO3? and DON concentrations at the outlets of the two lakes were similar. The lower DOC/DON ratios at the lake outlets and at the inlets having upstream ponds suggest the importance of N processing and organic N sources within the lakes. Although an inverse relationship between NO3? and DOC/DON has been suggested to be indicative of a N deposition gradient, the existence of this relationship for sites that receive similar atmospheric N deposition suggest that the relationship between NO3? and the DOC/DON ratio is derived from environmental and physical factors. Our results suggest that, despite similar wet N deposition at the two watershed sites, N solutes entering lakes were strongly affected by hydrology associated with groundwater contribution and the presence of wetlands, whereas N solutes leaving lakes were strongly influenced by in‐lake processing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为揭示太湖流域降雨和湖水酸根阴离子长期变化特征及环境意义,通过历史数据收集和采样分析,对太湖流域降雨和湖水中的SO42-、NO3-变化特征和来源进行了研究.结果表明:自1990s以来太湖流域降雨中SO42-呈显著下降趋势,年平均下降率为0.28 mg/(L·a);NO3-浓度却呈显著上升趋势,年平均增长率为0.05 mg/(L·a),降雨中氮污染呈现加重的趋势.与之相反,湖水中SO42-呈显著上升趋势,年平均增长率为1.24 mg/(L·a);NO3-浓度却呈显著下降趋势,年平均下降率为0.02 mg/(L·a).30年以来,太湖水体SO42-/NO3-比值不断升高,远高于降水SO42-/NO3-比值.研究认为:流域SO2排放引起的酸沉降是湖水SO42-浓度增长的最重要原因,但氮氧化物排放并未引起湖水NO3-浓度升高,说明太湖流域对大气沉降的氮氧化物有滞留作用,而太湖水体是流域大气沉降硫酸盐的重要汇.综合治理太湖流域酸性物质排放对防止太湖水体酸化和治理富营养化都具有重要意义. 相似文献
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Innovative applications of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to the determination of inorganic ions in environmental aquatic samples of high salinity and, particularly, in seawater are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on advanced approaches utilized for securing separation performance from being degraded by the presence of matrix salts and for simultaneous separation of ions different in natural abundance. Also covered are methodologies of present or possible use to evolve the method's practical utility to trace-level ions. Surveyed procedures are tabulated for the purpose of facilitating the method selection or further development. In addition, brief background information on basic methodological principles of CZE in inorganic ion analysis is given for a better orientation of those intending or just beginning to put CZE to work. Finally, possible future research trends and developments of CZE in the area are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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山地温冰川中的气候环境记录研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以北欧Austre Okstinbreen冰川为例,概括介绍了海洋型气候区温冰川内气候环境信息的主要特征。山地温冰川积雪中的环境记录,如氧同位素,阴阳离子含量的变化虽然受到了冰雪中的融水渗透的干扰,但仍可作为短期局部气候环境变化的理想指示器。通过与实测的气象气候资料对比,积雪中化学分析结果表明了若干重要特征:积累区雪层剖面中的氧同位素变化,较好地反映了本地区的气候变化特别是降水时的温度递变细节以及 相似文献
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水体中主要阴离子及pH值对双氯芬酸液相色谱定量的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
双氯芬酸(DCF)是一种常用的非甾体消炎药,随着生产量和使用量的不断增大,其在环境中被频繁检出。DCF能在生物体内富集,对生物具有潜在毒性,已经引起了广大学者的关注。DCF的准确定量是开展其相关研究的基础,在应用液相色谱测试DCF的过程中,通常通过前处理消除样品基质干扰,但关于基质如何干扰DCF测量并没有详细研究。为了满足野外及实验室测试需要,本文针对高效液相色谱-紫外检测DCF过程中,水体中常见的阴离子SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-和NO_3~-,液相色谱流动相组成和水样pH对DCF准确定量的影响展开研究。结果表明:(1)SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-对DCF的最大吸收波长(277 nm)没有影响,但是NO_3~-的存在会使DCF的最大吸收峰发生偏移,产生红移现象,并且使吸光度略微增大;(2)同等条件下,在酸性介质(pH5)中DCF的定量结果比在碱性介质中的低。与碱性介质(pH=7.26)中DCF的峰面积相比,样品在pH=2.01的酸性介质中测得的峰面积减少73.14%,因此在碱性条件下DCF定量更为准确。 相似文献
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在几乎所有的油田卤水(地层水)中都含有高浓度的短链有机酸,通常乙酸根是其中最丰富的有机阴离子。大量的模拟实验表明干酪根是有机酸最主要的来源。短链有机酸有着重要的地球化学意义,(1)可以作为石油勘探的近似指示物,(2)它们可能是天然气中某些主要成分的母体,(3)它们是地层水中最主要的弱酸阴离子,因此控制了地层水的pH值的缓冲能力,(4)作为还原剂,它们控制了地层水的Eh值和多价元素的浓度,(5)实验表明,它们还能够与储集岩中的铝、钙、硅等无机离子形成可溶络合物,使长石类矿物的溶解作用增强,从而导致砂岩储层中次生孔隙加大。 相似文献
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祁连山党河南山扎子沟29号冰川区雪,降水和地表水化学特征研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
党河南山地区的气候以干冷为主要特征,但这里的冰川仍属亚极地型。目前雪线较过去粗略推断有所上升。对冰川表面雪层、冰川侧融水、冰川前河水和降水样品的主要阴、阳离子分析表明,地表水主要受地表物质成分所控制,化学特征为HCO3、SO4-Ca型,将降水和雪层中离子浓度与其它地区对比后认为,大气中离子来源主要为陆地,人类污染影响很小。 相似文献