枪乌贼羽状壳制备壳聚糖的研究

以枪乌贼的骨骼组织羽状壳为原料 ,设计正交实验分析了碱液浓度、温度和时间对壳聚糖脱乙酰度和粘度的影响 ;对枪乌贼羽状壳制备的壳聚糖的性能进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,以羽状壳制备的壳聚糖特点是具有较高的粘度 (3890 m Pa· s) ,颜色为浅黄褐色 ,可免除脱钙脱色环节。在碱液浓度为 4 5 % ,温度为 90℃ ,反应时间为 4 h的条件下 ,可得到较好品质的壳聚糖产品     

Biomarkers for endocrine disruptors in three species of Mediterranean large pelagic fish

The hypothesis that Mediterranean top predator species, such as large pelagic fish, are potentially at risk due to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), is investigated. The potential estrogenic effects of PHAHs in three fish species of commercial interest, the top predators bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus), swordfish (Xiphias gladius), and Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone), were investigated using vitellogenin (Vtg), zona radiata proteins (Zrp) and mixed function oxidases (EROD, BPMO) as diagnostic tools. High induction of Vtg and Zrp was detected by western blot and ELISA techniques in adult males of X. gladius and T. thynnus thynnus, suggesting that these species are at high toxicological risk in the Mediterranean sea. Comparison of BPMO and EROD activities in the three species indicated, both in male and female, much higher MFO activity in bluefin tuna. This data suggests high exposure of this species to lipophilic xenobiotic contaminants in the Mediterranean environment.     

西北印度洋鸢乌贼内壳形态特性研究

为探究西北印度洋鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)内壳的形态特性,利用2019年9—11月中国灯光罩网作业在西北印度洋海域采集的594尾鸢乌贼样本,通过内壳结构研究生长特性及不同性别间生长差异。主成分分析表明,内壳长(gladius length, GL)、翼长(vanes length, VL)、尾锥长(cones length, CL)、尾锥宽(greatest width of cones, GWC)和叶轴最大宽度(greatest width of proostracum, GWP)可作为描述西北印度洋鸢乌贼内壳外形变化的特征参数。协方差分析表明,除VL外所有特征参数与胴长(mantel length, ML)的生长关系均存在性别间显著性差异;所有特征参数与体重(body weight, BW)的生长关系也均存在性别间显著性差异。根据方程拟合与AIC(Akaike''s Information Criterion)比较,内壳的参数与胴长和体重均具有显著相关性,可以用线性函数、幂函数、对数函数等表示。由于内壳参数测量相对于胴长测量误差小更准确,因此内壳参数可用于鸢乌贼生物学特性的研究。对比不同头足类内壳结构与胴体的函数关系的差异,可用内壳参数作为种群划分的参考,也为利用内壳结构研究鸢乌贼渔业生物学及资源评估提供了参考依据。     

Do endocrine disrupting chemicals threaten Mediterranean swordfish? Preliminary results of vitellogenin and Zona radiata proteins in Xiphias gladius

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) have the potential to alter hormone pathways that regulate reproductive processes in wildlife and fishes. In this research the hypothesis that Mediterranean top predator species (such as large pelagic fish) are potentially at risk due to EDCs is investigated. These marine organisms tend to accumulate high concentrations of EDCs such as polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs). The potential effects of EDCs on a fish species of commercial interest, the top predator Xiphias gladius (swordfish), were investigated using vitellogenin (Vtg) and Zona radiata proteins (Zrp) as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Dramatic induction of typically female proteins (Vtg and Zrp) was detected by ELISA and Western Blot in adult males of the species. These results are the first warning of the potential risk for reproductive function of Mediterranean top predators, and suggest the need for continuous monitoring of this fragile marine environment.     

Organochlorine compounds in tissues of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) from Mediterranean Sea and Azores islands

Polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The Italian Ministry of Environment has undertaken a program (1999-2001) to measure levels of contaminants in top marine predators and to develop sensitive biomarkers for the evaluation of toxicological risk in these species. In 1999, 15 swordfishes (Xiphias gladius) taken from the Mediterranean Sea along the Sicilian coast (Strait of Messina, Italy) and in the Atlantic Ocean along the Azores Islands, and analysed for 34 congeners of PCBs and 27 organochlorine (OC) pesticides in gonad, muscle, liver and blubber tissues. In the tissues of Mediterranean swordfishes the sum of the determined PCBs congeners ranged from 4.61 to 4651.17 ng g(-1) on fresh tissue basis. Among organochlorine pesticides DDE, DDT and DDD (TDE) predominated with an overall range of 2.37-4734.56 ng(-1) w.w. In particular p,p'-DDE had concentrations appearing up to 3900 ng(-1), with the highest values found in fatty tissues, such as blubber. In the liver of Azores Island swordfishes lower levels of summation PCBs (8.43-294.17 ng/g w.w.) and summation DDTs (<0.01-217.44 ng/g w.w.) were determined.     

基于碳氮稳定同位素的西北印度洋鸢乌贼摄食习性研究

内壳是头足类重要的硬组织器官之一,鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)内壳的生长具有不可逆性,是记录鸢乌贼整个生活史信息的良好载体。根据2019年3~5月中国灯光罩网渔船在西北印度洋生产调查期间采集的鸢乌贼样本,利用碳氮稳定同位素技术,研究了个体间的营养生态位关系、摄食习性等。结果表明,雌、雄鸢乌贼个体的内壳δ¹³C不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),而δ¹⁵N存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。营养生态位结果显示,雄性群体的生态位宽幅比雌性群体的要大。雌、雄个体的内壳生长对δ¹³C均没有显著影响(P>0.05),但雌、雄个体的内壳生长对δ¹⁵N均有显著影响(P<0.05), δ¹³C (1.28‰)和δ¹⁵N (3.46‰)值的变化表明鸢乌贼在生长过程中存在洄游现象,营养等级发生改变,且同时期的雌性个体较雄性个体捕食营养层级更高的食物。