我国东部水鸟迁徙通道主要栖息地保护恢复优先性评价

通过专家咨询法和层次分析法对我国东部水鸟迁徙通道的55个主要栖息地进行了保护恢复优先性评价,平均得分66.51分,其中,1个栖息地得分80~90分,15个栖息地得分70~80分,13个栖息地得分60~70分,8个栖息地得分50~60分。有16个栖息地得分在70分以上,其中6个位于黄渤海沿岸,5个位于东北和内蒙古,5个位于长江中下游,基本覆盖我国东部水鸟迁徙通道重要的繁殖地、越冬地和迁徙停歇地,保护恢复应予以优先考虑。     

Exploring the implications of tidal farms deployment for wetland-birds habitats in a highly protected estuary

Next generation turbines can be installed to exploit tidal energy resource in estuaries. However, the ecological implications of such deployments remain unknown. Accordingly, this study is focused on the impact of tidal farms on intertidal areas and associated waterbird habitats in estuaries. A numerical model simulates the hydrodynamic conditions of the Solway Firth, comprising one of the most extensive intertidal zones in the UK. The effects of tidal farms with different turbine densities have been evaluated in terms of changes to the areas of habitat for wetland bird species of conservation importance. The results suggest that any habitat loss may be minor and that in some cases there may be an increase (also small) in the area of important habitat. The percentage change in intertidal areas is also considerably lower than that expected to result from tidal barrages of similar capacities, implying the potential for tidal farms to present an alternative solution for exploiting tidal energy in highly protected areas. The changes in the extent of intertidal habitat are not proportional to the energy dissipated by the tidal farm. Therefore a range of tidal farm designs should be evaluated in order to optimise installed capacity while minimising habitat loss. However, the site-dependency of the impacts and the complex responses to change of estuarine ecosystems reinforce the requirement for detailed studies to be undertaken for each specific location and array configuration. The methodology presented here is appropriate for such assessments as it can be applied to different locations and turbine types.     

长江口北支湿地鸟类多样性研究 Ⅱ.水鸟群落多样性研究

野外实地调查表明,光滩、藻类盐渍带-藨草、海三棱藨草带-芦苇带-堤内养殖塘4种典型湿地生境是长江口北支湿地水鸟的主要活动区域。光滩、藻类盐渍带中水鸟的种类和数量均最多,其次为堤内养殖塘和藨草、海三棱藨草带,芦苇带中水鸟的种类和数量均最少,食源状况是导致不同生境中水鸟群落分布差异的主要原因。在4种典型湿地生境中,鸟类群落的物种多样性和均匀度均存在差异,但总体上差异不明显,物种多样性均处在中等偏上水平,而均匀度普遍较低。光滩、藻类盐渍带与堤内养殖塘水鸟群落的相似性最高,相似性指数高达0.697;芦苇带与其他3种生境中水鸟群落的相似性均很低,相似性指数均不大于0.257。表明芦苇带与其他3种生境中水鸟群落组成有较大差异。