Truss Spar平台在波流联合作用下运动响应预报方法比较

基于细长体水动力模型比较了Truss Spar平台在波流联合作用下运动响应预报的三种方法。分别采用波流耦合、速度叠加及力叠加计算Truss Spar平台在波流联合作用下的水动力载荷,根据流场水质点运动规律和Truss Spar外部形状特点,分段高效计算水动力载荷。利用Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg方法求解刚体非线性运动方程得Truss Spar在波流场中的运动响应。研究结果表明力叠加法所预报的Truss Spar纵荡和纵摇运动明显大于其他两种方法的相应运动响应预报结果,而波流耦合法与速度叠加法所预报的纵荡与纵摇运动响应幅值相当,三种方法所预报的垂荡运动响应的大小取决于具体波流参数。     

Spar平台环境载荷风洞测试及载荷分析

介绍某桁架式Spar平台风洞环境载荷测试及分析,为国内首次在风洞中开展的Spar平台风、流载荷模型试验。通过在风洞中模拟真实海洋环境,考虑倾角变化对平台载荷的影响,测试Spar平台水上部分风载和水下部分的流载,给出最大风倾覆力矩风向角,确定平台最容易发生危险的关键风向。试验结果表明:水上部分风阻随纵倾角的增大而增大;风倾覆力矩随倾角增大先增大后减小,在纵倾角10°时达到最大值;水下部分只在流向角-15°～15°范围内,流阻随倾斜角度增大而减小,但最大阻力发生在倾斜角为15°时。试验结果可以为Spar平台设计以及性能预报提供参考。     

桁架式跨河管架的优化设计及地震可靠性评价

在管道穿跨越工程中,桁架式跨河管架是一种常见形式.本文在结构优化设计中分别对矩形桁架结构和倒三角形桁架结构两种方案进行优化,并对优化结果进行了比较分析,确定了结构最优方案.通过模拟结构在地震作用下的响应对结构的抗震性能进行了分析,并通过可靠性分析评价了结构的抗震可靠度.结果表明:适当增加结构高度和减小结构宽度对结构有利;结构的总重量随杆件截面尺寸的减小而迅速降低,10次优化循环后即从54 t降至24 t左右;三角形桁架比矩形桁架结构简单,重量减轻36％;可靠性分析表明结构的可靠度为99％.     

Effect of slowly varying drift forces on the motion characteristics of truss spar platforms

Spar platform has been regarded as a competitive floating structure for deep and ultra deep water oil and gas production. In this paper, an efficient methodology has been developed to determine the slow motion responses of slender floating offshore structures due to wave forces. Based on this methodology, a MATLAB program named ‘TRSPAR’ was developed to predict the dynamic responses in time domain and it was used in this study to obtain the numerical results of a typical truss spar platform connected to sea bed using nine taut mooring lines. The difference frequency forces were calculated using the principles of the extension of Morison equation for an inclined cylinder and the wave kinematics were predicted using hyperbolic extrapolation. Mooring lines were modelled as nonlinear springs and their stiffness was obtained by conducting the static offset simulation. Because of the lack of detailed calculations in literature, most of the equations used were derived and presented in this paper. The effects of the different sources of the second order difference frequency forces were compared for inertia and drag forces in terms of response spectra. To validate the TRSPAR code, its results were compared to results of a typical truss spar model test.     

桁架结构基于地震可靠性分析的优化方法

本文把桁架结构地震可靠性分析和最优化设计方法结合起来，以结构的地震失效率概率为目标函数，给出一种考虑地震可靠性的桁架结构的优化方法。该方法能够解决线性桁架体系在平稳的随机地震地面运动激励下的优化问题，并在给定投资的条件下设计出了安全可靠的桁架结构。     

新型桁架式Spar生产平台储油系统及总体设计

新型桁架式Spar生产平台具有15 000 t的凝析油储存能力,采用基于油水置换技术和三级油水分离工艺的新型储油系统设计,这在现役和在建的Spar平台中尚属首次。介绍了平台的总体方案,包括主要技术参数、舱室划分、空船重量重心和系泊系统等。阐述了油水置换储油系统的布置方案以及三级油水分离工艺流程。并分析了平台的主要性能,包括气隙、运动耦合、稳性。最后通过风浪流联合运动响应的水池试验,验证了平台在百年一遇的海况下具有良好的运动性能。     

Truss Spar平台在浮卸作业过程中结构强度分析

在桁架式深吃水立柱式平台(Truss Spar)运输作业的浮卸过程中,半潜驳船不断压载下潜直到Truss Spar平台自浮后拖离驳船。针对浮卸作业的双浮体状态,提出Truss Spar平台在与半潜驳船发生接触情况下的载荷计算方案并进行结构应力水平评估。基于三维势流理论及SESAM软件,考虑平台及半潜驳船双浮体之间的水动力相互影响,首先对双浮体系统进行频域下求解,得到波浪诱导载荷;然后在时域下求解波浪中双浮体的运动方程及产生的接触力;最后将这两种载荷下的结构强度分析结果进行线性叠加,得到Truss Spar平台在波浪诱导载荷及接触力联合作用下结构应力水平。对比不同波浪方向及周期下的接触力结果,研究Spar平台结构整体应力水平及高应力区域位置特点,对总体强度水平进行评估。     

Numerical study on global motion of Truss Spar in frequency and time domains for the Liwan 3-1 area

Using frequency and time domain analysis, the authors analyzed the hydrodynamics and motion behavior of a Truss Spar platform at a water depth of 1500 m in the Liwan 3-1 area of the South China Sea. Firstly, the seakeeping ability is acquired in the frequency domain by calculating the hull’s hydrodynamics and comparing with a semi-submersible platform. The random wave analysis for 100-year, 10-year and 1-year return periods in Liwan 3-1 distinctly shows lower heave but larger surge and pitch re-sponses of the Truss Spar than those of a semi-submersible. Secondly, 3-hour motions of the Truss Spar are predicted and compared in the time domain under 100-year return period conditions in Liwan 3-1 and the Gulf of Mexico. Thirdly, the hull/mooring line cou-pled and uncoupled models are compared. Finally, the responses of the Truss Spar under 10-year and 1-year return period conditions are assessed. The results reveal that the mooring line damping reflected by the coupled model distinctly decreases the low frequency motion. The maximum heave response for 100-year return period waves is 1.23m and below 0.1m for the case of 1-year return period.     

鲚属两种群的形态变异及综合判别

测量了代表刀鲚种群和湖鲚种群形态特征的传统可量性状和框架参数,采用主成分分析法和逐步判别法,对它们进行形态综合分析.结果表明:两种群的形态差异主要是受额部有鳞部最前缘到背鳍起点的距离所影响的;所有25个形态参数数据判别分析,表明两种群形态差异极显著(P<0.01),判别准确率100％;利用挑选后的9项参数判别分析,表明两种群的形态差异极显著(P<0.01),判别准确率P1是95％-100%,P2是95.2％-100％,综合判别率为97.5％.对各形态参数进行单因子方差分析,计算各参数的差异系数,根据Mayr提出的75％规则,认为它们的形态差异仍然是种内不同地理种群的差异,还没有上升到亚种水平.     

Truss Spar平台垂荡响应频域分析

利用已有水动力试验和数值模拟结果及Morison方程,简化估计了Truss Spar平台垂荡方向水动力贡献,快速有效地预报了平台极端海况下的垂荡响应.在频域内分别采用数值迭代计算和粘滞阻尼线性化方法得到了平台在不同数量垂荡板配置下的垂荡响应幅值算子.在墨西哥湾、西非和中国南海等3种不同地区极端海况以及墨西哥湾工作状态海况下计算了平台的响应极值,分析发现平台波频垂荡响应对入射波浪周期非常敏感.采用JONSWAP波能谱得到了Truss Spar平台垂荡响应谱.通过比较和参数分析,验证了平台在设计上的合理性与实际海况下良好的垂荡运动性能.