氟化物对紫露草(Tradescantia paludosa)的诱变作用

用紫露草微核技术,检测几种氟化物的微核(MCN)效应。指出氟化物有损伤染色体的作用,环境中的氟污染既引起一般公认的牙釉病和氟骨病,还有损伤染色体的遗传毒性。     

Use of Plant Bioassays for the Detection of Genotoxins in the Aquatic Environment

The present article describes the use of plant bioassays for the detection of genotoxins in the aquatic environment and gives an overview of test methods, their detection spectrum for environmental mutagens and carcinogens and their limitations and pitfalls. The most widely used test systems are micronucleus assays with meiotic cells of Tradescantia and with meristematic root tip cells of Allium and Vicia. In the last years, protocols for single cell gel electrophoresis assays have been developed, which can be conducted with a variety of species. Also various gene mutation test procedures have been developed with plants but they have hardly ever been used in environmental studies. Plants detect a broad variety of environmentally relevant genotoxins, in particular directly acting compounds. Many pesticides and industrial chemicals caused positive results; plant assays are also a unique tool for the detection of DNA‐reactive carcinogenic heavy metals in the environment. In many studies with complex mixtures, positive results were obtained which indicates that plants are sufficiently sensitive to detect effects without concentration of water samples. One of the shortcomings of the use of plants as indicators is their lack of sensitivity towards certain classes of promutagens such as nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, the former compounds are hardly encountered in the environment and PAHs can easily be detected chemically and in other mutagenicity tests. Taken together, the currently available data show that plant bioassays are a useful component of test batteries for environmental monitoring.     

藻酸双酯钠(PSS)遗传毒理学效应的初步研究

本研究是用紫露草微核技术检测新药藻酸双酯钠(PSS)的遗传毒理学效应。实验结果表明,PSS没有遗传毒性,却有保护染色体免受损伤的作用。其表现是使汞离子所产生的微核率明显下降。因而为扩大PSS的临床应用范围和使用安全提供了实验依据。