大菱鲆幼鱼视网膜结构及不同光谱下视蛋白基因表达特征的研究

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)是中国重要的养殖鱼类之一, 其生活史经历不同的栖息地和光环境, 视觉器官结构及视觉功能也具有适应性发育特征和可塑性。本研究以不同发育阶段的大菱鲆幼鱼为对象, 探究了其视网膜结构变化、视蛋白基因的表达特征及其与光谱之间的关系。结果表明, 随着大菱鲆幼鱼的生长发育, 其视网膜的外核层逐渐变厚; 视锥视杆层的厚度变化不明显; 而内核层与神经节细胞层逐渐变薄。视紫红质基因rh1与视蛋白基因总表达量的比例上升, 由2月龄的57.35%上升到9月龄77.19%; 视锥蛋白基因与视蛋白基因总表达量的比例下降; 其中红视蛋白基因lws 由2月龄的4.49%下降至9月龄的0.13%。将7月龄的大菱鲆幼鱼用不同光谱处理75 d后, 其视蛋白基因的表达会随光谱环境的变化而发生改变。与全光谱相比, rh2b1、sws2、sws1在红、黄光下的表达量显著下降, 而rh2b1在蓝、绿光下表达显著上升、sws2在绿光下表达显著上升, 其他则变化不显著(P<0.05)。黄、绿、蓝及全光谱下rh2基因家族与视蛋白基因总表达量的比例最高, 而红光下基因rh1的表达量占比最高。大菱鲆幼鱼在不同阶段以及不同光谱处理下表现出了视蛋白基因表达的可塑性以适应不同水层的光谱环境。本研究为探究大菱鲆对光环境的适应机制及工厂化养殖光照调控技术的建立提供理论参考。     

Comparison between zooplankton data collected by the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey in the English Channel and by WP-2 nets at station L4, Plymouth (UK)

Zooplankton sampling has been carried out by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey since the 1930s enabling the study of long-term changes in plankton populations, the elucidation of seasonal patterns of abundance, and more recently providing zooplankton biomass estimates for ecosystem models. Data for zooplankton abundance collected by CPR tows in the Western English Channel (between 1988 and 1998) were compared to vertically integrated samples collected from station L4 off Plymouth, UK. Comparisons were made for locally abundant copepods (including Acartia, Calanus, Para/Pseudocalanus, Centropages, Oithona and Temora) collected by CPR and WP-2 nets. All dominant species recorded at L4 were also common to the CPR data. However, the position of the taxa in the two datasets was not equivalent. Seasonal cycles revealed by CPR data were significantly similar to those recorded throughout the water column at L4 for most taxa. However, absolute levels of abundance differed for the two datasets: abundances were underestimated by CPR samples when compared to those of vertically integrated samples by a factor of between 2 and 35, with the exception of Centropages. The differing mesh sizes (200 and 270 μm) of the WP-2 net and CPR mesh could only partially explain these differences in abundance, implying that the behaviour of individual taxa and their depth in the water column also influenced the abundance recorded.     

I(L)值完全诱导空间

作者引入 I(L)值完全下半连续映射 ,研究其性质。利用 I(L)值完全下半连续映射定义I(L)值完全诱导空间 ,给出 I(L)值完全诱导空间的拓扑基的表达形式 ,证得两个 I(L)值完全诱导空间的映射是连续映射的充分必要条件 ,并建立了乘积空间的 I(L)值完全诱导空间与 I(L)值完全诱导空间的乘积空间的联系     

Reproductive Biology of Liocarcinus puber and L holsatus (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) from the Gower Peninsula, South Wales

Abstract. Routine monthly samples of the commercially important portunid crab Liocarcimtx puber and the sympatric but ecologically separated L. holsatus were collected from the waters and shores around the Gowcr Peninsula, South Wales, between November 1983 and September 1985.
The pubertal moult in L. puber occurred at 38 mm CW (carapace width) (females) and 42 mm CW (males). In L. holsatus this occurred at 17 mm (females) and 18.5 mm CW (males). The median size of ovigcrous females was 49.2 ± 6.7 mm CW in L. puber and 26.5 ± 2.0 mm CW in L. holsatus.
Moulting and copulation occurred between spring and autumn, the moulting period of males being earlier than that of the females. Ovigcrous L. holsatus were recorded throughout the year, with highest proportions between February and April. L. puber were ovigcrous mainly between January and March; none was recorded between September and November. The number of eggs of the wild brood (range: 39,000–280,000 for L. holsatus and 40.000–262.000 for L. puber ) was related to female body size as y = 3.099.51 c^0.1126x, r = 0.90, n = 21 and y = 6,335.98 c^0.051x, r = 0.88, n = 23, respectively, where y = number of eggs and x = carapace width (mm).
Following successful copulation, females of both species were able to spawn more than once during an intcrmoult period.     

双尾亚科一新种（吸虫纲：半尾科）

本文报道芽腺属吸虫一新种，即矶鲈芽腺吸虫，新种LecithocladiumparapristipomatissP．nov.，虫体大小1.24～1．74×0．25～0．45mm；虫卵18～22×9～12μm。     

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)秦皇岛弧菌感染症及其病原细菌研究

采用病原分离与鉴定、人工感染试验等方法,在对养殖牙鲆病例进行发病情况、病理变化特征检验的基础上,进行病原学检验。结果表明,此病例属于由弧菌属(VibrioPacini1854)细菌引起的败血感染症。经对12株纯培养菌(HQ010712-1—HQ010712-12)进行形态特征、理化特性等表观分类学指征的检验,选择代表菌株(HQ010712-1株)进行16S rRNA基因的测定与系统发育学分析等,判定为弧菌属的一个新种。将HQ010712-1株送中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC)进行了复核鉴定与分类定名,依据分离地定名为秦皇岛弧菌(Vibrioqinhuangdaorasp.nov.);参考菌株为HQ010712-1。     

种植盐地碱蓬修复滨海盐渍土效果的研究

利用盐生植物——盐地碱蓬进行天津河口滨海盐碱地的生物修复。通过比较种植盐地碱蓬土壤和对照土壤的电导率、有机质和微生物数量的差异等研究了其修复效果。结果表明，种植区碱蓬根际土壤的电导率与对照土壤相比下降了13％；有机质和总氮与对照土壤相比分别增加43％和18％；根际土壤的微生物数量明显增加，放线菌和真菌分别比对照增加了5倍和16倍。根际微生物优势种群的盐耐受性结果显示，部分根际土壤的优势种群的盐耐受性明显下降，耐盐性较低的微生物种群已成为优势种群。以上结果表明，种植盐地碱蓬对改善滨海盐碱地的生态有明显的效果。     

转“全鱼”溶菌酶基因大菱鲆的研究

用大西洋条鳕(Macrozoarces americanus)抗冻蛋白启动子opAFP promoter和牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)c型溶菌酶基因构建“全鱼”溶菌酶基因元件opAFP—ly，首次应用电脉冲精子介导法将该基因片段导入到大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)受精卵内，获得原代转基因大菱鲆。先后采用单因子方法和正交实验方法，重复实验确定了最适导入条件：脉冲电压为400V／cm，脉冲次数为5，脉冲宽度为25ms，外源DNA浓度为50mg/L。利用最适导入条件，实现基因元件大规模转移。采用PCR技术对1月龄的原代转基因大菱鲆仔鱼的染色体DNA进行分析，结果表明外源基因的整合率可达28％。     

益母草水苏碱对钉螺生理生化的影响

本实验研究了益母草水苏碱对钉螺糖原和总蛋白的生理生化影响:大于0.80g/L益母草水苏碱能够显著降低钉螺体内的糖原含量,减少幅度从11.68%到76.16%;益母草水苏碱也能够在一定程度上降低钉螺体内的蛋白质含量(从5.66%到13.69%),但减少量不及糖原显著;灭螺植物对钉螺的致死作用可能更多与钉螺组织细胞中的能量代谢有关。