僧帽牡蛎二倍体和三倍体卵母细胞发育的超微结构比较

本文利用电子显微镜技术观察僧帽牡蛎二倍体和三倍体初级卵母细胞发育过程中细胞和细胞器的超微结构变化,结果表明：二倍体和三倍体卵母细胞发育差异明显。在卵黄形成期,二倍体卵母细胞呈椭圆形,细胞核呈伪足状突起,核仁呈颗粒状聚合体,细胞器多发达,合成卵黄粒我,细胞膜外有生绒毛,卵母细胞生物合成旺盛、代谢活动强;而三倍体卵母细胞大都呈不规则形状,该仁小、致密,细胞器少且不发达,卵黄粒少,细胞膜外无微绒毛,卵母细胞生物合成及代谢弱。     

三丁基锡对牡蛎吞噬细胞和保护酶系统活力的影响

检测了受三丁基锡(tributyltin,TBT)污染的牡蛎的吞噬细胞活力、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脂质过氧化作用等生理生化指标。实验结果表明,牡蛎血细胞的吞噬活力随着TBT浓度的增加而下降;对不同TBT浓度下牡蛎的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性测定发现,在较低浓度下(TBT质量浓度<10μg/L),SOD和CAT的酶活力被抑制,随着TBT浓度的增大,SOD和CAT的比活力也随着增大,但当TBT达到较高浓度时,SOD和CAT的比活力开始下降,而过氧化脂质(LPO)却随着TBT的浓度的增加而增大。     

三丁基锡对牡蛎超氧化物歧化酶的影响

本文从牡蛎中提纯超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），分析了氯化三丁基锡（TBTC1）对体外牡蛎SOD部分性质的影响，结果表明：随着TBTC1含量的增加及作用时间的延长，SOD的活力逐渐降低。当TBTC1（Sn含量为600μg/cm^3）作用SOD 24h时酶活力保留50％，到36h时酶活力完全丧失；TBTC1能使牡蛎SOD的耐热、耐酸碱能力降低；PAGE显示，随着TBTC1含量的增加，SOD同工酶谱带逐渐消失；Cu^2 能使失活的SOD恢复部分酶活性。     

Effect of oil pollution on gluthione and relative enzyme in oyster(Saccostrea cuculiata)

The oysters ( Saccostrea cuculiata ) were collected from four stations around Xiamen Island (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong" an Bay, Huangcuo). The relation between the level of petroleum hydrocarbon in whole tissue and the contents of glutathione (GSH), the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in digestive gland and gill were investigated. The results showed: (1) The contents of petroleum hydrocarbon in oyster collected from four stations (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong'an Bay, Huangcuo) were 380.68, 112.34, 27.31, 20.37μg/g wet weight, respectively; (2) the activity of Se-GPx and GST in digestive gland was lower than that in gill, and the content of GSH seemed reversibly; (3) among the four stations, both Se-GPx and GST activity of digestive gland and gill in Saccostrea cuculiata sampled from the four stations showed a good correlation with whole tissue petroleum hydrocarbon, could be as biomarkers of sea oil pollution.     

二倍体和三倍体牡蛎的外观鉴别

对二倍体,三倍体僧帽牡蛎和太平洋牡蛎外套膜和生殖腺外部形态进行了周年观察。结果表明,从外套膜和生殖腺外观特征上的差异可鉴别出牡蛎二倍体和三倍体。１９９７年８月至１９９８年６月,分析了两种牡蛎样品２６６个,其鉴别准确率达９６．９９％。     

久效磷对僧帽牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata)染色体毒性效应研究

受试僧帽牡蛎（Ｏｓｔｒｅａｃｕｃｕｌａｔａ）暴露在含有久效磷农药的海水中养育７ｄ,取鳃用空气干燥法制片,观察数千个早中期、中期细胞分裂相末发现微核、染色体结构变异及其它染色体畸变现象。但随久效磷浓度的增加细胞分裂相明显减少。处理过程中投饵和换水的僧帽牡蛎的细胞分裂相明显高于不投饵、不换水;但投饵和换水的僧帽牡蛎随久效磷浓度的增加细胞分裂被抑制的比率又快于不投饵、不换水。经久效磷处理的各组僧帽牡蛎核型与对照组的核型均为２ｎ＝２０,２０ｍ,ＮＦ＝４０。研究结果指出：双壳类的僧帽牡蛎对久效磷农药的毒性不敏感,在所试浓度范围内,并不引起染色体损伤的遗传效应,但产生抑制鳃细胞分裂的效应     

厦门海域养殖僧帽牡蛎质量的监测研究

根据2005年厦门海域养殖僧帽牡蛎(Saccostreacucullata)的监测数据,分析了该种贝类的质量情况。研究表明,厦门市养殖僧帽牡蛎主要污染物为滴滴涕(平均污染物指数4.09)、镉(平均污染物指数2.92)和铅(平均污染物指数2.32),受石油烃(平均污染物指数1.00)的轻度污染,未受到汞、砷、多氯联苯、粪大肠菌群和麻痹性贝毒的污染。海区所有监测站位的僧帽牡蛎均已受不同程度的污染。本文对监测点按各站点僧帽牡蛎的质量进行R聚类分析,以期为养殖僧帽牡蛎质量的监控和管理提供依据。     

Comparative descriptions of some oyster larvae from New Zealand and Chile,and a description of a new genus of oyster,Tiostrea

Detailed comparisons of the larvae of four species of New Zealand oyster (Saccostrea glomer‐ata, Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea lutaria, and a new species of Ostrea) and one Chilean oyster (Ostrea chilensis) showed that larvae of species other than O. lutaria and O. chilensis share certain features. One conspicuous feature is a distinct tract, termed here the posterior dorsal sulcus, which runs from the posterior margin of prodissoconch I to the valve margin of prodissoconch II; other characteristic features are an umbonate, inequivalve shell and a provinculum bearing distinct teeth. The larvae of O. lutaria and O. chilensis, in contrast, lack the posterior dorsal sulcus, are nonumbonate, and have nearly equal valves with an edentulous provinculum. These distinctive features, together with other adult features, suggest that the two species are more appropriately included in a separate genus. The name Tiostrea is proposed for the new genus. Certain supraspecific groupings within the Ostreinae need to be re‐examined in the light of breeding experiments.     

几种化学物质对两种牡蛎幼虫附着和变态的诱导

本文研究5种神经递质和1种神经肽对两种牡蛎幼虫附着和变态的诱导效应。结果表明：L－多巴对牡蛎幼虫附着行为的诱导快速而有效，浓度10μmol/dm^3，2h内有附着行为的幼虫约占50％，并使之正常变态，肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和L－多巴均能有效地诱导两种牡蛎幼虫变态，它们的最适诱导浓度分别为50、50和5μmol/dm^3，诱导变态率分别达97．1％、90．6％和70．5％（长牡蛎），74．9％、74．3％和37．2％（僧帽牡蛎）；多巴胺的诱导变态效果不显著，而γ－氨基丁酸和5－羟色胺不能有效诱导变态。两种牡蛎幼虫对上述有效诱导药物的反应，长牡蛎优于僧帽牡蛎。肾上腺素诱导长牡蛎，最适处理时机在眼点幼虫后期，持续处理时间为2h之内。     

0#柴油水溶性成分对僧帽牡蛎DNA损伤的初步研究

在实验条件下,将僧帽牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata)分别置于含有低(0．5mg/L)、中(2mg／L)和高(5mg／L)3种浓度0^#柴油水溶性成分的海水中,利用碱解旋法测定消化腺和鳃INA损伤的程度。结果表明,INA损伤的程度随污染时间的延长而增加,并存在一定的剂量-效应关系;解除污染后,DNA损伤恢复到对照水平。DNA损伤可作为监测海洋石油污染的生物标志物。