EFFECT OF SULPHATE-REDUCING BACTERIA ON ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF 16Mn STEEL IN SEA MUD

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｗａｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｅｅｌｉｎｓｅａｍｕｄｗａｓｎｏｔｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ.Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｉｔｗａｓｌａｔｅｒｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｒａｔｅｏｆｓｔｅｅｌｉｎｓｏｍｅｓｅａｍｕｄｗａｓｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｉｎｓｅａｗａｔｅｒ(Ｋｉｎｇ,1980;Ｓｅｈｍｉｄｅ,1982;Ｇｕｏｅｔａｌ.,1997;Ｈｏｕ,1998).Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｓｏｍｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｒ…     

海泥中SRB对A3钢电偶效应的影响

在室内模拟条件下研究了在海泥中硫酸盐还原菌 (SRB)对A3钢电偶效应的影响。实验在两个大型塑料槽中进行。A3钢样尺寸为 2 0cm× 1 0cm× 0 .3cm ,海泥中SRB的含量用MPN三管计数法进行测定 ;电导率、pH、氧化还原电位、泥温和盐度等参数用SY - 5型电导 -pH/mV -温度计进行测量 ;用失重法测量腐蚀速度 ;用零电阻表测量电偶电流。试验共进行 2 61d。SRB含量随时间的变化基本保持恒定。在电偶条件下A3钢在灭菌泥和有菌泥中的腐蚀速度分别为0 0 0 77mm/a和 0 0 4 9mm/a,在非电偶条件下A3钢在灭菌泥和有菌泥中的腐蚀速度分别为 0 0 0 89mm/a和 0 0 4 4mm/a。A3钢在有菌泥和无菌泥中的样板之间的电偶电流随时间的变化幅度在2 5μA左右 ,且有方向逆转现象。试验结果表明 ,在有菌泥中A3钢的腐蚀速度是无菌泥中的 5 5倍 ,说明SRB在海泥腐蚀中有重要作用。埋在相邻的有菌海泥和无菌海泥的试样之间都发生了电偶腐蚀。处在有菌海泥中的钢样为电偶对的阳极 ,处在无菌海泥中的钢样为电偶对的阴极。在实验期间内电偶效应对试样的加速作用为 1 1 .4%。     

生物去除地下水中硫酸盐的实验研究

使用平皿夹层厌氧法分离得到纯化的硫酸盐还原菌,通过对比封口、敞口两种情况下细菌培养过程中产生的现象和细菌的生长曲线,表明SRB并非严格的厌氧菌,能耐受一定浓度的环境溶解氧.将该菌用于去除溶液中的SO42-,发现SRB在还原SO42-的过程中,随着SO42-去除率的增加,溶液的pH值会减小,而当SO42-去除率降低时,溶液的pH有增加的趋势;COD/SO42-比值对SO42-的去除率有很重要的影响,在封口情况下,COD/SO42-=0.75时SO42-的最大去除率约为48.60%,COD/SO42比值增加至2.5时,SO42-最大去除率可以达到89.72%,要达到SO42-高去除率,必须增加COD/SO42-比值.     

The status of the passive treatment systems for acid mine drainage in South Korea

This study was performed to investigate the operating status, evaluate the problems, and discuss possible improvement methods of passive treatment systems for acid mine drainage (AMD) in South Korea. Thirty-five passive treatment systems in 29 mines have been constructed from 1996 to 2002 using successive alkalinity producing systems (SAPS) as the main treatment process. We investigated 29 systems (two for metal mines), 19 of which revealed various problems. Overflows of drainage from SAPS, wetland, or oxidation ponds were caused by the flow rate exceeding the capacities of the facilities or by the reduced permeability of the organic substance layer. Leakages occurred at various parts of the systems. In some cases, clogged and broken pipes at the mouths of the mine adits made the whole system unusable. Some systems showed very low efficiencies without apparent leakage or overflow. Even though the systems showed fairly good efficiencies in metal removal ratios (mainly iron) and pH control; sulfate removal rates were very poor except in three systems, which may indicate very poor sulfate reductions with sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) as a means.     

红树林海洋细菌的分离鉴定及其活性物质初步分析

从广西北部湾红树林海洋淤泥中分离筛选到270株海洋细菌,用喉癌细胞Hep-2的细胞毒作用为筛选模型,用SRB法检测这270株海洋细菌的抑制肿瘤细胞生长活性,其中13株呈阳性反应。依据形态和生理生化反应特征及16SrRNA基因序列分析,确定其中一株为短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilusPLM4。取该菌株液体培养上清液,检测对人喉癌细胞Hep-2的生长抑制率为63.9%,经过凝胶过滤层析分析获得2个活性峰,其中活性高的峰估计平均分子量为116kd。采用经典显色反应法初步判断该活性物质为多糖。     

Abundance and distribution of fatty acids within the walls of an active deep-sea sulfide chimney

Abundance and distribution of total fatty acids (TFAs) were examined along the physicochemical gradient within an active hydrothermal chimney collected from the Main Endeavour segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge. Approximately 27 fatty acids are identified with a chain-length ranging from C12 to C22. From the exterior to the interior of the chimney walls, the total concentrations of TFAs (∑ TFAs) show a trend of evident decrease. The observed compositions of TFAs are rich in bacterial biomarkers especially monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and minor branched and cyclopropyl FAs. On the basis of the species-specific FAs and bacterial 16SrRNA gene analysis (Li et al., unpublished data), sulfur-based metabolism appears to be the essential metabolic process in the chimney. Furthermore, the sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) are identified as a basic component of microbial communities at the exterior of the hydrothermal chimney, and its proportion shows an inward decrease while the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) have an inverse distribution.     

Structure of microbial communities and hydrocarbon-dependent sulfate reduction in the anoxic layer of a polluted microbial mat

The bacterial communities in the anoxic layer of a heavily polluted microbial mat and their growth on hydrocarbons under sulfate-reducing conditions were investigated. Microbial communities were dominated by members of Alphaproteobacteria (27% of the total rRNA), Planctomycetes (21.1%) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB: 17.5%). 16S rRNA cloning revealed sequences beloning to the same bacterial groups with SRB affiliated to the genera Desulfobulbus, Desulfocapsa, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfobacterium and Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus. The derived enrichment cultures on crude oil, hexadecane and toluene were dominated by SRB. While most SRB sequences of the toluene and hexadecane cultures were related to the sequence of Desulfotignum toluolica, the crude oil enrichment showed a more diverse bacterial community with sequences from the genera Desulfotignum, Desulfobacter, Desulfatibacillus, Desulfosalina, and Desulfococcus. We conclude that the anoxic layer of the studied mats contains a diverse community of anaerobic bacteria, dominated by SRB, some of which are able to grow on hydrocarbons.     

The Microbial Metabolic Characteristics in the Course of Sulfate-Reduction

Acid-producing phase reactor of two-phase anaerobic treatment process has remarkable advantages treating sulfate-laden wastewater. In order to investigate SRB population‘s capability of utilizing substrate and the microbial acidification type formed during the course of sulfate reduction, continuous-flow and batch tests were conducted in a continuous stirred tank bio-film reactor supplied with sodium sulfate as electron acceptor. The experimental results demonstrated that the acidification type formed b...     

Study on treatment of wastewater from acid in-situ leaching of uranium ore with sulfate reducing bacteria

Synthetic surfactants are among the most widely used chemicals in the world （around 10 millions of tons are produced per year）, mainly as key components in detergent formulation, apart from other applications such as wetting agents or emulsifiers. Coastal ecosystems receive large quantities of these compounds and, after a relatively fast partial degradation in water, the remaining quantities end up in the sediments due to their high affinity for organic carbon in the particulate phase. We therefore focused our studies on sediments because they can be assumed to play an important environmental role acting as a sink for these contaminants. Moreover, because of their widespread use and source specificity, surfactants can usefully be employed as molecular indicators in sediments for more general contamination caused by human activities. This work deals with the vertical distribution in sediment cores of the main anionic surfactants, both linear alkylbenzene sulfonates （LAS） and alkyl ethoxysulfates （AES）, and non-ionic surfactants, including nonylphenol polyethoxylates （NPEOs） and alcohol polyethoxylates （AEOs）. In the case of LAS their degradation metabolites sulfophenyl carboxylic acids （SPCs） are also studied. The processes considered are degradation, sorption and diffusion occurring along the sedimentary column for the different homologues contained in the commercial surfactant mixtures. The most hydrophobic surfactants such as NPEOs and AEOs remain strongly attached to the particulate phase whereas polar metabolites such SPCs tend to be present in the pore water. Highest values of surfactants are found near the surface and, in most cases, there is a decrease in their concentration down the sediment core. Furthermore, the reduction in the average length of the ethoxylated chain in polyethoxylated surfactants, as well as the increase in the concentrations of SPCs at depths showing redox potential from -300 to -400 mV, suggests that surfactants may be degraded anaerobically in the sediment. In the case of LAS, these field results are compared with the data from laboratory experiments carried out in order to determine sorption capacity and anaerobic degradation.     

加拿大海盆与楚科奇海表层沉积物中硫酸盐还原菌丰度分布状况

对中国第2次北极科学考察海洋表层沉积物(0～1 cm)中硫酸盐还原菌进行4℃、25℃的培养实验,结合首次北极科学考察海洋沉积物硫酸盐还原菌研究成果,研究了研究区硫酸盐还原菌丰度的分布。结果表明,4℃培养得出硫酸盐还原菌丰度为0～2.4×104个/g(湿样),平均3 433个/g(湿样),并呈现有规律的分布趋势:低纬区的高于高纬区的,浅水区的高于深水区的。本区硫酸盐还原菌丰度高于中国东海、南海和黄海部分海区沉积物中的,低于胶州湾以及西北冰洋某些海区中的。25℃培养时硫酸盐还原菌丰度为0～2.4×104个/g(湿样),平均4 062个/g(湿样),在1 880 m以浅水域其丰度与4℃培养时的一致,而在1 880 m以深水域其丰度高于4℃培养时丰度。