Towards a functional typology of small-scale fisheries co-management informed by stakeholder perceptions: A coral reef case study

Co-management has gained significant traction in small-scale fisheries as part of the solution for resolving economic inefficiency, unsustainable harvesting and unequal distribution of benefits derived from fisheries, generating some promising results. Most studies, however, present co-management as the sharing of power between resource users and centralised government, and do not explicitly consider the role of a more diverse set of stakeholders, or what roles different stakeholder types are best positioned to perform. This paper contributes to our understanding of stakeholder diversity by determining, through surveys with 133 fishery stakeholders in Solomon Islands, which stakeholder types are perceived as most suited to particular co-management roles, and which stakeholder types should be collaborating to increase fishery stocks. The effect of respondent socio-demographics, on perceived roles, is tested to explore the value of the role typology. Ten dominant roles were identified across seven stakeholder types, including collaboration and raising awareness, which were perceived to be dominantly the domain of auxiliary stakeholders that are not explicitly recognised in the co-management literature, including NGOs and church leaders. Of the socio-demographic variables tested, only site explained some of the variation in stakeholder roles perceived by respondents. The primary value of the typology lies in its potential to be used as a basis for dialogue on strengths and weaknesses of allocated roles for increasing fish stocks in existing co-management systems.     

天津滨海新区区域发展过程研究

以天津经济新区－滨海新区为例，以1993－2000年相关统计资料为基础，通过其发展过程和影响因素分析，探讨区域发展特点，滨海新区的研究表明，在我国由计划经济向市场经济体制转型时期，小区域发展是一个相当复杂的过程，政府在滨海新区的发展过程中始终扮演重要角色，中央政府通过经济政策创造宏观发展环境，影响区域发展，地方政府是地方发展战略的决策者，通过促进经济增长引导区域发展方向，形成区域特色，地方开发条件是影响区域发展的基本因素，其在开发的初期阶段尤为重要，它是政府发展战略形成和外商投资选择的基础，环渤海城市间的竞争与联合对天津滨海新区的发展亦产生重大影响。