中国海洋倾废历史与管理现状

介绍了我国海洋倾废的历史、发展过程和管理现状 ,分析了海洋倾倒的现状和面临的困难。文章还提出通过高新技术把疏浚泥迅速转化为再生资源进行利用和污染土无害化处理技术 ,从根本上减少疏浚泥海洋倾倒的数量和缓减海洋倾倒区紧张的状况 ,减少对海洋环境的污染     

贵港市矿业发展现状与对策

文章从贵港市矿产资源情况出发 ,通过对开发现状及存在问题的分析 ,探讨保证资源的合理开发和永续利用 ,为经济建设提供物质支撑的理念 ,提出了矿业可持续发展的对策。     

Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contents of sediments from Gumusler creek, Nigde, Turkey

In this study, heavy metal contents of samples from Gumusler creek in Turkey were studied and the metal contamination characteristics were investigated. In this respect, considering the pollutant sites in the area, systematic sediment samples were collected in a zone starting from the manifestation part of the water to the entrance of the Karasu creek in Gumusler town. Samples were taken from lower section of the river bed at 30 stations along Gumusler creek, 13 km in length and their heavy metal contents were analyzed with XRF Spectrometer. Correlation coefficients, element coefitic coefficient correlation, dendogram hierarchical cluster, model summary and Annova analysis statistical methods were applied to data. Strong positive correlations were determined for some elements which are believed to have possibly the same origin. In addition, mineralizations in the area are thought to cause variation in metal contents. Results of chemical analysis show that soil limit values and clark values were exceeded. The heavy metal accumulation in the creek is believed to be derived from non-operated Sb-Hg-W and Fe quarries.     

Heavy metals in sediments of the Tecate River, Mexico

Ten sites along the Tecate River, Mexico were sampled to evaluate the cadmium, lead, nickel and chromium concentrations in sediments. The result shows contamination for cadmium in most of the sites, where two sites were class 4 (polluted to strongly polluted) according to geoaccumulation index proposed by Muller. Two sites were found polluted for all the heavy metals analyzed (Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni), indicating the effect of anthropogenic activities. A correlation between Ni and Cd concentration had been found indicating a common source. These metals are usually used in electroplating industry. The results of this study can be used for decision makers to prioritize measures to control the pollution for these metals.     

Anthropogenic influence on trace element geochemistry of healing mud (peloid) from Makirina Cove (Croatia)

Due to their balneotherapeutic features, the organic-rich sediments in Makirina Cove are an important source of healing mud. An environmental geochemistry approach using normalization techniques was applied to evaluate the anthropogenic contribution of trace metals to sediments used as healing mud. Sediment geochemistry was found to be associated with land-use change and storm events, as well as with proximity of a road with heavy traffic in the summer months. Local valley topography preferentially channels lithogenic and pollutant transport to the cove. Concentrations and distribution of trace metals indicate lithogenic (Ni, Cr, Co) and anthropogenic (Pb, Cu, Zn and Se) contributions to the sediments. The calculation of enrichment factors indicates a moderate (EFs between 2–3.5) input of anthropogenic Cu and Pb in surficial sediments to a depth of 10 cm. Patients using the Makirina Cove sediments as healing mud could be to some extent exposed to enhanced uptake of metals from anthropogenic sources via dermal contact.     

气象卫星用于近海污染监测及赤潮预报方法探索

近年来，由于工农业和沿海养殖业的发展，我国近海污染逐年加重，赤潮发生频次增加。因此，监测近海污染和赤潮发生预报方法研究势在必行。本文用ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ数据，分析近海水域污染状况，并探索赤潮发生的预报方法。     

前颌间银鱼资源变动原因的初步探讨

于1985—1988年对前额间银鱼生物学特性、资源变动状况及其原因进行了现场和社会调查。调查表明,前颌间银鱼资源变动的原因是南、西区和吴淞口三大污染源对其生态环境严重污染;同时还有多年持续过捕超过其再增殖能力。为此,提出治理污染,恢复前颌间银鱼的生活环境及保护繁殖亲体的对策和建议。     

胶州湾异养细菌及大肠菌群的分布及对陆源污染的指示

2002年2月—2004年11月对胶州湾异养细菌和大肠菌群进行长期调查发现,胶州湾异养细菌丰度在105—106cells/ml之间,其中河口区域和近岸区域数量较高,其它区域相对较低。从季节上来看,夏季、秋季细菌丰度较高(分别为7.4×105、7.2×105cells/ml),冬季和春季丰度较低(分别为4.1×105cells/ml、5.9×105cells/ml),且在一年内呈现出一定的规律性波动。从季节尺度上看异养细菌丰度与温度呈现很好的正相关性(R=0.54)。对大肠菌群的研究表明,河口区域的大肠菌群数量显著高于其它区域,并且河口区域大肠菌群常年处于严重超标状态(最高为1.1×106cells/L,超过国家前三类水质标准的100倍)。根据大肠菌群的数量状况可以将胶州湾分为三个区域,即严重污染区、中度污染区和轻度污染区。该区域划分与通过营养盐对胶州湾区域的划分(富营养区、中度营养区、贫营养区)结果一致。     

藻类功能食品的物质基础与研究开发现状

对藻类功能食品的研究和开发现状作综述报道。涉及的主要内容有：作为功能食品物质基础的食物纤维、ＰＵＦＡ、维生素、矿物质和微量元素、氨基酸以及其它有生理活性的物质。     

寿光县对虾养殖环境中微生物数量分布的试验报告

本文主要介绍了1988年寿光县对虾养殖期间(5～9月)水环境和底泥环境中微生物种群的变化。据不同的地理位置,选择不同的养殖虾池;分别将水样和底泥环境中的弧菌、异养菌,及硫酸盐还原菌进行培养、分离计数。据对虾养殖期5个月的数据分析,不同的养殖虾池有不同的菌数波动范围。底泥与水环境中的菌数分布各有不同。异养菌在水样中的分布最高值为736×10~2个/ml,最低值为268.1×10~2个/ml;湿泥样中的最高值为372.7×10~4个/g最低值为125.9×10~4个/g。弧菌在水样中的最高值为12.33×10~2个/ml,最低值为0.5×10~4个/ml。据综合资料分析,对虾养殖池中的各种细菌分布,底泥高于水样,高温季节高于低温季节。底泥和水环境中有机物的含量与细菌数的分布成正比。底泥中硫酸盐还原菌的数量,是底泥环境中有机物污染程度的标志之一。根据硫酸盐还原菌的数量分布,可以有效地控制有机质(如对虾饵料)的投放量等。