现浇薄壁管桩复合地基非线性有限元分析

现浇薄壁管桩是处理大面积软土地基的一项新技术,目前已在沿海软土地区高速公路建设中得到了一定的应用,但其产生的时间较短,开展的研究相对较少,利用Plaxis岩土工程有限元软件对现浇薄壁管桩（PCC桩）的工作特性、荷载传递规律及其影响因素、加固机理等方面进行了详细的分析,结果表明,桩外壁摩阻力随桩深近乎呈线性分布,桩内壁摩擦力只在桩下端一定长度内有所发挥,桩芯土体具有较好的闭塞效应,研究成果具有较大的指导意义.     

黏弹性地基中PCC桩扭转振动响应解析方法研究

考虑土体材料的黏性阻尼和桩-土扭转耦合振动,把桩看作一维杆,将土体视作三维轴对称黏弹性介质,对黏弹性地基中现浇混凝土大直径管桩（简称PCC桩）扭转振动频域特性进行了理论研究,采用Laplace变换和分离变量的方法求得了桩顶扭转频域响应解析解。将所得解完全退化到实心桩的解,并与经典平面应变解进行对比,验证了解析解的合理性。分析了桩长以及土体黏性阻尼系数对桩顶速度导纳和复动刚度的影响,得到了各参数对桩扭转振动特性影响的规律。分析表明：桩周土黏性阻尼系数增大可以显著提高桩顶扭转复动刚度和减小速度导纳振荡幅值,而桩芯土黏性阻尼系数的影响不明显;桩长越长,桩顶复动刚度越大,速度导纳振荡幅值越小,但当桩长增大到一定程度时,再继续增加桩长,桩顶复动刚度基本没有改变。     

PCC桩负摩阻力作用机理初探

负摩阻力问题广泛存在于桩基工程中。PCC桩（现浇混凝土薄壁管桩）技术是河海大学自主研发的新型地基加固处理技术,而目前对PCC桩负摩阻力研究成果较少。结合以往研究实心桩的成果和PCC桩自身的特点,基于太沙基固结理论,探讨了PCC桩负摩阻力作用机理。研究表明,在PCC桩内部不产生负摩阻力,可以用原有方法计算外部负摩阻力,推导出其将在今后试验进一步验证。     

Effects of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+) on the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ceils became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb2+) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration (8 mg/L pb2+), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb2+), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll a, βcarotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb2+, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll a, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd2+concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC50) values (3.47 mg/L Cd2+ and 12.11 mg/L Pb2+) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd2+ than Pb2+.     

现浇薄壁管桩水平受力特性三维弹塑性有限元分析

利用三维弹塑性有限元模型,对水平荷载作用下现浇薄壁管桩(简称PCC桩)受力特性进行数值模拟和分析,并与试验结果进行比较,验证了模型的合理性。利用该模型对桩长、桩径以及桩身相对刚度等影响桩受力特性的主要因素进行分析,结果表明：桩径一定的情况下,桩长对桩的破坏形式有很大的影响,弹性桩与刚性桩临界点的长径比为8左右,且弹性桩的受力主要集中在桩的上部,约为0.3倍桩长;桩径对侧向位移和弯矩都有很大影响,桩径越大,桩侧向位移越小,而最大弯矩值越大,且最大弯矩点下移;在一定程度上,提高桩体强度,有利于提高桩的抗水平变形能力,但当增加到一定程度时,效果并不十分明显。     

现浇混凝土薄壁管桩复合地基沉降简化计算研究

PCC桩是一种主要应用于软土地基处理的刚性桩。以PCC桩复合地基为研究对象,基于PCC桩-土-垫层所组成的一个工作体系,考虑桩-土-垫层体系的工作特性及相互影响,对PCC桩进行分析提出了一种PCC桩复合地基模量计算方法,进而推导出PCC桩复合地基的桩土应力比、沉降简化计算公式。同时,运用工程实例进行验证。计算结果说明提出的解答是合理的,能够满足实际要求。     

Characterization of calcium deposition induced by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in BG11 culture medium

Calcium carbonate （CaCO3） crystals in their preferred orientation were obtained in BG11 culture media inoculated with Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 （inoculated BG11）. In this study, the features of calcium carbonate deposition were investigated. Inoculated BGll in different calcium ion concentrations was used for the experimental group, while the BGll culture medium was used for the control group. The surface morphologies of the calcium carbonate deposits in the experimental and control groups were determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The deposits were analyzed by electronic probe micro-analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the surfaces of the crystals in the experimental group were hexahedral in a scaly pattern. The particle sizes were micrometer-sized and larger than those in the control group. The deposits of the control group contained calcium （Ca）, carbon （C）, oxygen （O）, phosphorus （P）, iron （Fe）, copper （Cu）, zinc （Zn）, and other elements. The deposits in the experimental group contained Ca, C, and O only. The deposits of both groups contained calcite. The thermal decomposition temperature of the deposits in the control group was lower than those in the experimental group. It showed that the CaCO3 deposits of the experimental group had higher thermal stability than those of the control group. This may be due to the secondary metabolites produced by the algae cells, which affect the carbonate crystal structure and result in a close-packed structure. The algae cells that remained after thermal weight loss were heavier in higher calcium concentrations in BGll culture media. There may be more calcium- containing crystals inside and outside of these cells. These results shall be beneficial for understanding the formation mechanism of carbonate minerals.     

列车激振荷载下PCC桩复合地基动力分析

PCC桩-网复合地基作为一种新型处理软土路基的结构形式,在软弱土地区高速铁路建设中已获得应用,其在列车激振荷载下的动力特性值得研究。本文确定了合理的列车动荷载加载形式,应用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了轨道-路堤-桩-土复合地基三维动力耦合有限元模型,基于基床、桩、垫层和地基模量参数变化,进行了路堤、桩体以及地基土的动力特性分析。结果表明：PCC桩复合地基动应力响应有别于实心桩,动应力波在管桩中发生反射交叠作用,桩与垫层动力相互作用大于土与垫层动力相互作用。基床表层模量变化对桩-土动力变化影响不大。垫层刚度的增加提高了桩体的动荷载分担比,同时桩顶动应力随着桩与垫层动力相互作用的增强而增大。随着PCC桩模量的提高,动应力在桩体中传播速度加快,动应力增大,使其承担了大部分动荷载,有效地降低了地基土承受的动荷载,同时减弱了上部荷载在复合地基内部影响。随着距离中心桩距离的增大,边桩动应力逐步减小。     

循环温度场作用下PCC能量桩热力学特性模型试验研究

PCC能量桩是河海大学岩土所开发的一种新型能量桩技术。在常规桩基静载荷模型试验基础上,将PCC能量桩放置在南京典型砂土中,并通过导热管内水体的循环对模型桩体施加温度场,以模拟PCC能量桩在实际运行过程中的承载力特性与受力机制,PCC能量桩先加载至工作荷载（极限荷载的一半）,再施加热-冷循环一次,最后加载至极限荷载,测得不同温度下PCC能量桩的荷载-位移关系曲线、桩身应力-应变关系曲线等变化规律。试验结果表明,能量桩换热过程中,热量更容易从桩体传向土体（即夏季模式的热循环）;热循环及制冷循环都明显改变了桩顶位移值,且往复循环作用下产生的塑性变形不能完全恢复,其积累变形可能危害上部结构安全;桩身受温度场作用产生的热应力相对较大,且不同约束条件下其变化值有所差异;在制冷循环下,桩底部甚至可能产生较大拉应力。