徐闻南山镇红树林沉积物及红树植物中重金属的累积特征与迁移规律

为探究重金属在红树林沉积物及红树植物中的分布累积及迁移规律,选取了徐闻南山镇红树林为研究对象,通过测定红树林沉积物及红树植物不同部位（根、茎、叶）的重金属质量分数,运用富集因子、生物富集系数、转移系数及相关性分析等方法进行分析。结果表明：1）红树林沉积物重金属质量分数表现为铬（Cr）＞锌（Zn）＞镍（Ni）＞铜（Cu）＞铅（Pb）＞砷（As）＞汞（Hg）＞镉（Cd）,为中等变异程度;除了镍（Ni）元素外,其余7种重金属未超过国家一级标准,除了铅（Pb）元素外,其余7种重金属均超过广东省土壤环境背景值,说明研究区沉积物中重金属具有一定的积累效应。2）沉积物中砷（As）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、汞（Hg）、镍（Ni）、铬（Cr）富集因子值均＞1.5,说明受到轻微人为活动影响;各站位镍（Ni）富集因子值均＞5,结合研究区背景,反映了镍（Ni）受到自然和人为输入的共同影响。3）白骨壤体内重金属主要集中在根部,而红海榄体内重金属在根茎叶中分布相对均匀。白骨壤根茎叶部位的大多数重金属质量分数远高于红海榄,说明白骨壤对重金属的吸附能力比红海榄强。汞（Hg）集中分布在植物的叶片部位,且与其他重金属之间相关性不明显;推测汞（Hg）主要通过叶片吸收进入植物体内,与交通运输污染有关。4）不同红树植物对不同重金属富集能力各异,白骨壤对重金属的富集能力表现为：镉（Cd）＞砷（As）＞铜（Cu）＞锌（Zn）＞汞（Hg）＞铅（Pb）＞镍（Ni）＞铬（Cr）,红海榄表现为：镉（Cd）＞铜（Cu）＞汞（Hg）＞锌（Zn）＞铅（Pb）＞砷（As）＞镍（Ni）＞铬（Cr）。白骨壤和红海榄对汞（Hg）的运移能力都较强;红海榄对镉（Cd）的富集能力和转运能力都较强,而白骨壤对镉（Cd）富集能力较强,转运能力却较弱,这说明红树植物对重金属元素的富集能力与转运能力不存在正比关系。     

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF PALEOEARTHQUAKES ON THE MIDDLE-EASTERN SEGMENT OF JINTA NANSHAN FAULT

Hexi Corridor is located at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. Series of late Quaternary active faults are developed in this area. Numerous strong earthquakes occurred in history and nowadays. Jinta Nanshan fault is one of the boundary faults between the Qinghai-Tibet block and the Alxa block. The fault starts from the northwest of Wutongdun in the west, passes through Changshan, Yuanyangchi reservoir, Dakouzi, and ends in the east of Hongdun. Because the Jinta Nanshan fault is a new active fault in this region, it is important to ascertain its paleoearthquakes since late Pleistocene for the earthquake risk study. Previous studies were carried out on the western part, such as field geomorphic investigation and trench excavation, which shows strong activity in Holocene on the western segment of Jinta Nanshan fault. On the basis of the above research, in this paper, we carried out satellite image interpretation, detailed investigation of faulted landforms and differential GPS survey for the whole fault. Focusing on the middle-eastern part, we studied paleoearthquakes through trench exploration on the Holocene alluvial fan and optical luminescence dating. The main results are as follows:Early Pleistocene to late Pleistocene alluvial strata are widely developed along the fault and Holocene sediment is only about tens of centimeters thick. The Jinta Nanshan fault shows long-lasting activity since late Quaternary and reveals tens of centimeters of the lowest scarp which illustrates new strong activity on the middle-east segment of this fault. Since late Pleistocene, 4 paleoearthquakes happened respectively before(15.16±1.29) ka, before(9.9±0.5) ka, about 6ka and after(3.5±0.4) ka, revealed by 4 trenches, of which 2 are laid on relatively thicker Holocene alluvial fan. Two events occurred since middle Holocene, and both ruptured the whole fault.     

广东南山花岗岩形成时代、地球化学特征与成因

广东南山花岗岩体位于陂头复式岩体西端,锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为158.1±1.8Ma,是燕山早期岩浆活动的产物。岩石化学特征显示岩体以高硅、富碱、贫Ca和Mg以及高TFeO/MgO、低CaO/Na2O为特征。其K2O/Na2O〉1,A/NK=7.8~11.92,A/CNK=1.33~1.68,属过铝质碱性岩石。在稀土和微量元素组成上,岩石富含稀土元素（除明显的负Eu异常,δEu=0.09~0.16）以及Zr、Y、Th、U、Nb等高场强元素,贫Ba、Sr、Ti等,高10000x Ga/Al（比值大于2.6）。在Zr、Nb、Ce、Y对10000×Ga/Al以及TFeO/MgO-SiO2等A型花岗岩多种判别图上,投影点主要落在A型花岗岩区,而与高分异的I、S型花岗岩明显不同。这些特征均指示,南山岩体具有铝质A型花岗岩的特点。通过Y-Nb-3Ga和Y-Nb-Ce构造环境判别图解将其进一步划分为A2型花岗岩,代表其形成于拉张的构造背景之下。本文在此研究基础上,认为南山花岗质岩浆可能形成于相对挤压的中侏罗世。而在晚侏罗世早期相对拉张的作用下,岩石圈减薄,软流圈地幔上涌,地壳的泥质岩和少量砂质岩受到幔源流体富集后发生部分熔融后上侵形成铝质A型花岗岩,且有较强的结晶分异作用。     

青海茫崖镇大通沟南山地区基性-超基性岩地质特征及找矿前景

青海省茫崖镇大通沟南山一带呈脉状产出的基性-超基性岩发育,岩体岩相分带清楚,已发现铜镍矿体的基性-超基性岩具有高Mg、低碱、低Ca、低Ti和较高Mg#值的特征,岩体的形成与碰撞造山后的伸展作用有关;发育与基性-超基性岩吻合较好、强度高、规模大的Cu、Co、Cr、Ni化探异常及磁异常.通过对区内铜镍矿化的基性-超基性岩地...     

青海南山地区角孔变质岩地质特征、年代学及其地质意义

青海南山达不祖乎山北部一带的角孔变质岩系原划为早中三叠世隆务河组。通过野外实测地质剖面和路线地质调查,查明该套地层单元野外产出状态及岩石组合特征,并对其物质来源和形成时代进行分析,对进一步研究该区晚古生代-早中生代的构造演化具有重要意义。该套变质岩系为一套长石石英岩、石英岩、大理岩和黑云石英片岩组合,由下向上划分为3个岩段,叠置厚度大于3186.3m。根据碎屑锆石年龄分布特征,可大致划分为5个年龄组段,分别为250～304Ma、405～546Ma、649～1077Ma、1402～1620Ma和1861～2990Ma,其中250～304Ma可进一步划分为250～269Ma和289～304Ma两个亚组。综合前人研究资料与区域构造岩浆活动,将青海南山地区角孔变质岩的沉积时代限定为二叠纪,物源主要来自祁连造山带加里东期和晋宁期岩浆弧,柴北缘构造带海西期岩浆弧也提供了部分物质,晚古生代—早中生代经历了陆内裂陷、洋盆拉张及俯冲碰撞的构造演化过程。     

皖南南山钨钼多金属矿地质特征及控矿因素

南山钨钼多金属矿是皖南近年来的找矿成果之一。矿体主要赋存于岭脚黑云母花岗闪长岩体北、南部变质接触带内的寒武系杨柳岗组和震旦系兰田组地层内。矿床的形成得益于岭脚岩体的侵入,促使钨、钼等元素大量进入热水溶液,形成含矿流体,同时伴随着北东向断裂的活动,矿液得以运移至由成分复杂的碳酸盐岩矽卡岩化形成的角岩类中富集成矿。南山钨钼矿床是岭脚岩体的侵入作用、热液蚀变作用、围岩条件、热液运移和区域构造活动等因素综合作用的结果,是受一定层位控制的接触变质-中高温热液充填交代型矿床。本文中,笔者通过对南山钨钼矿床地质特征及控矿因素和矿化富集规律的分析,总结了区域上寻找该类矿床的找矿标志,为皖南地区进一步的地质找矿提供实践经验和理论依据。     

金塔南山岩带形成环境的地质地球化学证据

地质地球化学证据表明金塔南山岩带是通过转换挤压作用把性质各异、形成于不同构造环境的岩石会聚而成的变质地质体 ,其中主要组分斜长角闪岩的Sm -Nd等时年龄为 74 5±59Ma ,原岩为玄武岩 ,分属钙碱性系列和拉斑系列。稀土元素配分型式为平坦型 (拉斑系列 )到富集型 (钙碱性系列 ) ;相对N—MORB ,低Ti,富集LILE ,相对亏损HFSE ,Nb、Ta、Ti表现为明显的负异常 (钙碱性系列 )到无异常 (拉斑系列 ) ;INd(t) =0 51193,14 3 Nd/14 4 Nd =0 512 878,εNd(t)=+4 9± 0 2 ,推测斜长角闪岩应为不同程度部分熔融的岛弧岩浆作用的产物。提示本岩带是在新元古代中期华北克拉通与塔里木克拉通之间的古大洋俯冲消减的结果。     

深圳南山区人口对环境的压力及舒缓对策

深圳市南山区近20年来人口发展速度很快，人口对环境的破坏呈逐年加重的趋势，这一趋势已直接影响到南山区经济的可持续发展。文章根据第5次人口普查资料，分析了南山区人口现状，并从人口增长、人口分布、人口结构3个方面论述了南山区人口对环境的压力，在此基础上，提出了南山区人口与环境协调发展的对策与措施。     

广东始兴南山钨钼多金属矿床的发现及其意义

南岭东段是世界著名的钨多金属矿集区,多轮的地质工作使区内找矿和研究程度极高,找矿难度极大。南山钨钼多金属矿床是近年来中国地质调查局在该区实施钨多金属矿调查评价中根据岩体型（地下室）找矿模型找到的具有中大型远景的钨钼多金属矿床。钻探验证成果显示该矿床除地表分布的石英脉型钨钼多金属矿体外,在深部燕山晚期岩体中发育了大规模的岩体型（云英岩型和花岗岩型）钨钼多金属矿体,矿区燕山晚期花岗岩自上而下分为白云母化、绿泥石化和钾长石化三带,云英岩型钨钼多金属矿体分布在白云母化带,赋矿岩体为细粒二云母花岗岩;花岗岩型钨钼多金属矿体分布在绿泥石化带和钾长石化带,矿体为细粒浸染状黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒钾长石花岗岩,矿石矿物主要有黑钨矿、辉钼矿、锡石、辉铋矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、白钨矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿等;初步研究表明该岩体型钨钼多金属矿体可能为深部含矿岩浆经分异作用形成,矿床具有品位一般、规模大的特点,成矿元素复杂,主要为W － Mo － Sn － Bi 组合,并富含Pb,Zn,Ag,Nb 等。该矿床的发现不仅填补了南岭东段地区找矿新突破,而且对整个南岭乃至华南地区钨钼多金属矿找矿具有重要的指导作用。     

GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHIC EXPRESSIONS OF LATE QUATERNARY STRIKE-SLIP ACTIVITY ON JINTA NANSHAN FAULT IN NORTHERN EDGE OF QING-ZANG BLOCK

Jinta Nanshan Fault is an important fault in northeast front of Qing-Zang Plateau, and it is crucial for determining the eastern end of Altyn Tagh Fault. However, there is still debate on its significant strike-slip movement. In this paper, we study the Late Quaternary activity of Jinta Nanshan Fault and its geological and geomorphic expressions by interpreting aerial photographs and high-resolution remote sensing images, surveying and mapping of geological and geomorphic appearances, digging and clarifying fault profiles and mapping deformation characteristics of micro-topographies, then we analyze whether strike-slip activity exists on Jinta Nanshan Fault. We get a more complete fault geometry than previous studies from most recent remote sensing images. Active fault traces of Jinta Nanshan mainly include 2 nearly parallel, striking 100°~90° fault scarps, and can be divided into 3 segments. West segment and middle segment form a left stepover with 2~2.5km width, and another stepover with 1.2km width separates the middle and east segment. We summarize geomorphic and geologic evidence relating to strike slip activity of Jinta Nanshan Fault. Geomorphic expressions are as follows:First, fault scarps with alternating facing directions; second, sinistral offset of stream channels and micro-topographies; third, pull-apart basins and compressive-ridges at discontinuous part of Jinta Nanshan Fault. Geologic expressions are as follows:First, fault plane characteristics, including extremely high fault plane angle, unstable dip directions and coexistence of normal fault and reverse fault; second, flower structures. Strike-slip rate was estimated by using geomorphic surface age of Zheng et al.(2013)and left-lateral offset with differential GPS measurements of the same geomorphic surface at field site in Fig. 4e. We calculated a strike-slip rate of (0.19±0.05)mm/a, which is slightly larger than or almost the same with vertical slip rate of (0.11±0.03)mm/a from Zheng et al.(2013). When we confirm the strike-slip activity of Jinta Nanshan, we discuss its potential dynamic sources:First, eastern extension of Altyn Tagh Fault and second, strain partitioning of northeastward extension of Qilian Shan thrust belt. The first one is explainable when it came to geometric pattern of several E-W striking fault and eastward decreasing strike slip rate, but the former cannot explain why the Heishan Fault, which locates between the the Altyn Tagh Fault and Jinta Nanshan Fault, is a pure high angle reverse fault. The latter seems more explainable, because oblique vectors may indeed partition onto a fault and manifest strike-slip activity.