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Sampling permeability from individual laminae in crossbedded rocks is very well possible by making use of a so-called probe permeameter. The methodology and calculation of permeabilities from the output of this instrument are fairly well-established. However, what is hardly established is a sampling strategy that guarantees adequate representation of permeability contrast between laminae. Especially so, because finer foreset and bottomset are difficult to sample, yet their permeabilities are critical to fluid flow through a crossbed. Therefore we propose to systematically sample laminae. To this end we suggest a sampling strategy that is adapted to the heterogeneity under study, namely to the thickness of the finer foreset. 相似文献
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Zaihua Liu Hongchun Li Chengfeng You Naijung Wan Hailong Sun 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(2):257-265
A continuous high-resolution (monthly) record of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) in a well-laminated freshwater travertine deposited at Baishuitai, SW China from May 1998 to November 2001 was presented. The travertine exhibits clear annual bands with coupled brown/white color laminations. Throughout field investigation, it was found that the thin (1.5–2.2 mm), brown porous lamina was formed in the monsoonal rainy season from April to September, whereas the thick (5–8 mm), dense white lamina was formed in the dry season from October to March. The comparisons of lamina thickness and stable isotope signals in the travertine with the meteorological records allow us to constrain the relevant geochemical processes in the travertine formation under different climate conditions and to relate climate variables to their physicochemical proxies in the travertine record. Sympathetic variations in lamina thickness, δ13C and δ18O along the sampled profile reflect changes in hydrogeochemistry, showing that thin lamina and low δ13C and δ18O values occur in warm and rainy seasons. The decreased amount of calcite precipitation and low δ13C values during the warm and rainy seasons is caused by dilution of overland flow after rainfall. The low δ18O values are believed to be related to the rainfall amount effect in subtropical monsoonal regions. This process is thought to be markedly subdued whenever the amount of rainfall is lower than a given threshold. Accordingly, distinct minima in lamina thickness, δ13C and δ18O are interpreted to reflect events with above-average rainfall, possibly heavy floods, and vice versa. This study demonstrates the potential of freshwater travertine to provide valuable information on seasonal or even monthly rainfall variations. 相似文献
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平邑盆地下第三系官中段核形石成因分析 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
平邑盆地下第三系官中段核形石较为发育,类型多样。通过对其内部结构的研究发现核形石单元纹层有六种类型,作为核心的藻类仅在顶端发生碎屑粘结效应,而其底部则发育厚度小,规则的暗色纹层。纹层组合类型多样,主要受藻类发育程度,水动力强度和藻类种属的控制,是不同水动力环境下的产物。根据颗粒大小、纹层组合类型纹层层数、填隙物将核形石分为浅水高能成因核形石和较深水低能成因核形石。核形石成因分析和分类对沉积环境的判 相似文献
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