Experimental investigation of the effects of the coverage of helical strakes on the vortex-induced vibration response of a flexible riser

The effects of different helical strake coverage on the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a model flexible riser were studied experimentally, with the aim of further improving the understanding of VIV responses. Uniform and linearly sheared currents were simulated to study response parameters such as non-dimensional displacement, fatigue damage, suppression efficiency, and the comprehensive evaluation is further studied. Test results of the bare model for a uniform current showed that the behavior of both the standing wave and traveling wave dominated VIV displacement. However, for a linearly sheared current, traveling wave behavior dominated VIV displacement in the high-velocity range. The results of the straked model tests indicated that the response was strongly dependent upon the amount of coverage of helical strakes. The flexible riser with 75% strake coverage gave the best comprehensive evaluation in a uniform current, and 50% strake coverage gave the best comprehensive evaluation in a linearly sheared current.     

VIV response of a long flexible riser fitted with strakes in uniform and linearly sheared currents

An experimental investigation was conducted on a flexible riser with and without various strake arrangements. The aim of the present work was to further improve the understanding of the response performance of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a riser with helical strakes. Two current profiles, including uniform and linearly sheared flows, were simulated. The uniform current was simulated by towing the riser model in one direction using the towing carriage, and the linearly sheared current was simulated by fixing one end of the riser and using a driven cantilever to traverse a circular arc. Based on the modal superposition method, the displacement responses were obtained from the measured strain. Strakes with different heights and pitches were analysed, and response parameters such as the displacement response and fatigue damage were studied. The results of the bare model test show that the lock-in phenomenon displays multi-order characteristics, and the VIV displacement decreases with an increased order of the lock-in regime. The results of the straked model test indicate that the response characteristics of a bare riser can be quite distinct from those of a riser with helical strakes, and the response performance depends closely on the geometry of the strake configuration.     

基于螺旋线上谱因式分解的地震波场隐式辛算法

均匀介质、复杂各向同性介质和各向异性介质中的地震波传播过程,可用统一形式的标量声波方程描述.考虑到在无损耗条件下,地震波方程描述了地震波场这一个无穷维的哈密顿体系随时间的演化过程,该过程为一个单参数连续辛变换,因而可以在其哈密顿形式表述下导出其辛格式.与显式辛算法相比,隐式辛格式对应的隐式辛几何算法具有无条件稳定的特点,可以允许较大的计算步长.但是由于隐式算法不可避免地面临高阶矩阵的求逆,其每一步的计算速度较慢.为实现矩阵快速求逆,文中采用了螺旋边界条件下谱因式分解的方法.在螺旋边界条件下,需要求逆的矩阵化为带状矩阵,而且其各列非零元素的位置和大小具有非常好的相似性,因而可以采用谱因式分解的方法实现快速LU分解.文中采用二阶精度的隐式蛙跳辛格式和谱因式分解方法,计算了常速度、层状介质和Marmousi模型中的波场.计算表明,隐式辛算法不失为波场计算的一种好方法.     

一种由铣刀刃形求螺旋槽形状方法的探讨

根据无瞬心包络原理,用向量法推导一种由已知铣刀刃形求螺旋槽形状的简便计算公式和方法.     

基于螺旋线上谱因式分解的地震波场隐式辛算法

均匀介质、复杂各向同性介质和各向异性介质中的地震波传播过程,可用统一形式的标量声波方程描述.考虑到在无损耗条件下,地震波方程描述了地震波场这一个无穷维的哈密顿体系随时间的演化过程,该过程为一个单参数连续辛变换,因而可以在其哈密顿形式表述下导出其辛格式.与显式辛算法相比,隐式辛格式对应的隐式辛几何算法具有无条件稳定的特点,可以允许较大的计算步长.但是由于隐式算法不可避免地面临高阶矩阵的求逆,其每一步的计算速度较慢.为实现矩阵快速求逆,文中采用了螺旋边界条件下谱因式分解的方法.在螺旋边界条件下,需要求逆的矩阵化为带状矩阵,而且其各列非零元素的位置和大小具有非常好的相似性,因而可以采用谱因式分解的方法实现快速LU分解.文中采用二阶精度的隐式蛙跳辛格式和谱因式分解方法,计算了常速度、层状介质和Marmousi模型中的波场.计算表明,隐式辛算法不失为波场计算的一种好方法.     

螺旋坐标下的因子分解合成炮叠前深度偏移

在合成炮叠前深度偏移的基础上，提出了一种高效的合成炮叠前深度偏移方法，即在螺旋坐标下用因子分解进行波场外推的混合法. 用因子分解进行波场外推分为因果过程和反因果过程两个显式求解过程. 这种螺旋坐标下的显式求解过程,提高了波场外推的效率. 根据相位编码原理,对多个射线参数的合成波场进行了编码叠加,基于射线参数实现了MPI并行计算,进一步提高了计算效率. 在推导了有关公式并进行定量分析之后,对Marmousi复杂模型进行了计算,并作了比较,结果表明本文方法具有精度高和速度快的特点,可用于实际资料的计算.     

螺旋CT原理,扫描参数和图像重建

螺旋ＣＴ最显著的特征是Ｘ线球管围绕病人旋转时,扫描床上病人连续通过机架,由于滑环技术的发明螺旋ＣＴ于１９８９年投入临床应用,它被广泛接受并成功地应用于人体各个部位的检查。由于产生容积数据,螺旋ＣＴ产生较少的呼吸遣漏扫描且可行允许重建,提高了Ｚ轴的分辨率。     

Discussion: A review on the behaviour of helical piles as a potential offshore foundation system

Abstract

Helical piles have emerged as an attractive foundation system for offshore applications with renewed interest from the offshore community. Significant research gap currently exists in transferring this technology offshore and this paper discusses how existing and emerging knowledge can be successfully used to bridge some of the gaps. We focus on the Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) large deformation finite element (LDFE) modelling technique that is commercially available and can be used to model the three-dimensional installation process with consideration of strain rate and softening effects in soft offshore clays. A helical pile of L?=?7.5?m long is modelled with one or two large-diameter helices (D?=?2?m) attached to a central shaft of d?=?0.5?m in diameter.The net effect of strain rate and softening is to increase the installation torque. The measured torque is within the range of 200–400?kN.m for the offshore clay and the pile geometry studied. Additional helices increase the uplift force but to a lesser degree than that of the measured torque. Remoulding induced strength reduction is found to be within the range of 25–33% of the intact clay strength. Issues of extracting and reusing offshore helical pile foundations are discussed.     

Axisymmetric viscoelastic response of flexible pipes in time domain

The challenges for determining the mechanical behavior of flexible pipes mainly arise from highly non-linear geometrical and material properties and complex contact interaction conditions between and within layers components. This paper develops an innovative model to investigate the linear viscoelastic behavior of flexible pipes under axisymmetric loads in time domain. The model is derived from an equivalent linear elastic axisymmetric model by invoking the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle. Analytical formulations that describe the behavior of the metallic helical layers based on a combination of differential geometry concepts and Clebsch–Kirchhoff equilibrium equations for initially curved slender elastic rods are presented. The elastic response of the homogenous polymeric cylindrical layers is also presented. The assemblage of both types of governing algebraic equations that approximate analytical solutions for force and moment distributions, deformations in each layer, as well as contact pressure between near layers, taking time-dependent characteristics of polymeric layers into account are provided and it is clear that the relationship between axial force and elongation is non-linear and encompasses a hysteretic response. Besides, the creep behavior in axial direction can also be found. Some insights into the differences in the behavior for several loading conditions are discussed by considering variable frequencies.     

A review on the behavior of helical piles as a potential offshore foundation system

Abstract

Helical piles are used mainly to resist tension forces generated by uplift and overturning moments of various structures, therefore they have been suggested as a potential alternative to driven piles as offshore pile because they provide a large uplift capacity due to the anchor effect of the helix. To date no standards are available for the assessment of the use of helical piles in the offshore environment. State-of-the art installation and uplift capacity assessment is based on field onshore tests on small helical piles. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the current knowledge on helical piles considering uplift capacity, cyclic load, installation torque models and the parameters affecting the installation torque, to understand whether they can be considered for potential offshore applications. The paper could be of valuable interest for engineers and contractors involved in the offshore installation of piles.