Bio‐based Ester Oils for Use as Lubricants in Metal Working

The potential application of bio‐based ester oils for use as lubricants in metal working has been investigated for sustainable production processes in the future. When waste edible and animal fats came into focus as starting materials, it was already proven, that ester oils produced from plant fats performed very well as cooling lubricants. Waste fats were first characterized by analyzing and monitoring samples for one complete year. Inorganic and organic contaminations were found to be low and without seasonal variations. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were produced by transesterification of the waste fats and they were separated into fractions with saturated FAME or unsaturated FAME by fractional crystallisation (winterisation). Further transesterification with 2‐ethylhexanol led to products that could be successfully tested as lubricants. The development of an extraction process aimed at the recycling of oil containing grinding mud by enabling the recirculation of lubricating oil and reutilization of oil‐free metal chips.     

饲料中主要能量物质对大菱鲆幼鱼生长的影响

于1999年6－8月，采用正交设计统计方法，对主要能量物质蛋白质、脂肪和糖类对大菱Ping幼鱼生长的影响进行研究。利用L16（4^3）正交设计了16组大菱Ping幼鱼饲料，在各级饲料中，蛋白质、脂肪和糖类的含量范围分别为36％－45％、8％－20％和0％－6％，共进行了60d的喂养实验，并对饲料及鱼体成分进行分析测定。结果表明，各主要能量物质对鱼体增重和配合饲料转化率的影响顺序为蛋白质＞糖类＞脂肪，且蛋白质的变化对增重率的影响极显著，对饲料转化率的影响显著。     

Monitoring persistent organic pollutants in leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) confirms maternal transfer

To assess threats to endangered species, it is critical to establish baselines for contaminant concentrations that may have detrimental consequences to individuals or populations. We measured contaminants in blubber and fat from dead leatherback turtles and established baselines in blood and eggs in nesting turtles. In fat, blubber, blood and eggs, the predominant PCBs were 153 + 132, 187 + 182, 138 + 163, 118, and 180 + 193. Total PCBs, 4,4′-DDE, total PBDEs and total chlordanes were significantly and positively correlated between blood and eggs, suggesting maternal transfer. Significant positive relationships also existed between fat and blubber in stranded leatherbacks. Less lipophilic PCBs appeared to more readily transfer from females to their eggs. PBDE profiles in the four tissues were similar to other wildlife populations but different from some turtle studies. Concentrations were lower than those shown to have acute toxic effects in other aquatic reptiles, but may have sub-lethal effects on hatchling body condition and health.     

MRI脊髓探测定位新方法

本文介绍了ＭＲＩ在脊髓成像中，脊椎体附件都是低信号，给病变定位带来不便，为了解决这一问题，根据脊髓圆锥在脊柱里的特定位置及使用自制脂肪囊固定在脊柱体表解剖部标志上，用于脊髓病变定位诊断。     

扁玉螺蛋白质、脂肪含量的季节变化

测定和分析了1999年12月－2000年11月的扁玉螺不同部位的蛋白质和脂肪。结果表明，扁玉螺蛋白质和脂肪的季节变化都与水温和繁殖季节有关，存在明显的季节性，但水存在明显的差别差异。蛋白质以足部最高，为82．04％；性腺和肝脏的蛋白质都比较低，小于70％。脂肪以足部最低，仅有1．83％；性腺和肝脏的脂肪都比较高，尤其是雌性性腺，年平均为12．85％，4月份可高达19．36％。     

真鲷(Pagrus major)脂蛋白脂肪酶基因表达与内脏脂肪蓄积营养调控定量研究

采用竞争性PCR方法 ,进行 4种营养状况对真鲷脂蛋白脂肪酶 (LPL)基因mRNA表达水平与内脏脂肪蓄积影响的定量研究。结果表明 ,真鲷LPL基因在肝脏存在营养诱导性表达 ,饥饿、高脂食物均是其表达诱导因子 ;在腹腔肠系膜脂肪组织存在组成性表达 ,其表达水平受摄食状态的影响 ,但饲料脂肪水平却不起作用。当真鲷喂食高脂食物时 ,诱导产生的大量肝脏LPL将为肝脏提供更多的来源于食物的游离脂肪酸 ,使肝脏有可能出现营养诱导性脂肪蓄积 ,但真鲷腹腔肠系膜脂肪组织LPL基因表达水平未出现适应性变化 ,其腹腔肠系膜脂肪组织将不可能作为营养诱导性蓄脂器官。由于上述营养状况对真鲷体重、腹脂指数、肝指数均没有产生显著性影响 ,说明真鲷具有在不同营养状况下与哺乳类相似的维持其内脏脂肪蓄积稳定的代谢机制 ,推测真鲷应存在某种在功能上与哺乳类相似的肥胖基因。     

饥饿对太平洋鲑(Oncorhynchus spp.)鱼体脂肪与脂肪酸的影响

采用禁食试验方法进行了太平洋鲑生长鱼经8—32d饥饿后对其鱼体脂肪与脂肪酸变化的影响研究。结果表明,饥饿期间脂肪是太平洋鲑主要的能量来源,饥饿初期太平洋鲑主要消耗肝脏脂肪作为能量维持生命活动,能耗较低;饥饿中后期主要以消耗肠系膜脂肪和肌肉脂肪作为能量维持生命活动,能耗逐步增加(P<0.05)。饥饿后,鱼体肝脏、背肌和肠系膜脂肪中大多数饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)比例显著性下降(P<0.05),大多数多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)(P<0.05)比例显著性上升,表明太平洋鲑饥饿期间主要消耗SFA和MUFA供能,而PUFA多予以保留,较少消耗供能;二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)比例和DHA/EPA比值均升高显著性上升(P<0.05),表明太平洋鲑在饥饿条件对脂肪中的DHA和EPA,特别是DHA有较强选择性保留能力。鱼体对肝脏、背肌和肠系膜脂肪利用差异性的主要原因是其组织器官中脂肪酸比例不同。鱼体主要利用体内不同组织脂肪中的SFA和MUFA供能,从而节约了机体蛋白质与脂肪中的PUFA以维持重要的生命活动。