Income distribution dynamics and cross-region convergence in Europe

This paper presents a continuous version of the model of distribution dynamics to analyse the transition dynamics and implied long-run behaviour of the EU-27 NUTS-2 regions over the period 1995–2003. It departs from previous research in two respects: first, by introducing kernel estimation and three-dimensional stacked conditional density plots as well as highest density regions plots for the visualisation of the transition function, based on Hyndman et al. (J Comput Graph Stat 5(4):315–336, 1996), and second, by combining Getis’ spatial filtering view with kernel estimation to explicitly account for the spatial dimension of the growth process. The results of the analysis indicate a very slow catching-up of the poorest regions with the richer ones, a process of shifting away of a small group of very rich regions, and highlight the importance of geography in understanding regional income distribution dynamics.

The Natural Probability Distribution of Load and Unload Response Ratio

In this paper,the Gutenberg-Richter model is used to generate seismic events.The events that satisfy the random distribution are also generated.With those events,the natural probability distribution of Load and Unload Response Ratio(LURR),which measures quantitatively the degree of instability of a nonlinear system,is discussed.The study is based on stress energy release,which is chosen as the response of nonlinear system F3.The comparative results from the observation catalogue and generating data are also studied.It is revealed that the natural probability of LURR is mostly stable when the sample number is sufficient.The lower the natural probability of LURR,the more the precursory is information it may contain.The influence of Y3 resulting from the sample number and the magnitude range of events is also discussed.     

洮河泥沙分布及变化分析

以洮河红旗站1956~2005年水文监测资料为依据,通过对泥沙分布特征、年内年际变化规律和水沙匹配情况进行分析,得出洮河泥沙具有含量高、输沙总量大、产沙的区域性、年际的波动性、年内的不均匀性和时间的集中性六大特点。     

近30年夏季亚欧大陆中高纬度阻塞高压的统计特征

文中利用1970～2001年NCEP再分析500 hPa逐日高度场资料,根据阻塞高压的天气学定义,采用客观统计方法检索出近32 a亚欧中高纬度392个阻塞高压个例,对其进行了气候学分析.结果表明,亚欧中高纬地区夏季阻塞高压活动频繁,10 d以下的过程占绝对多数,地理分布主要集中在45～70°N之间,纬向上可划分5个高发区,其中乌拉尔山和贝加尔湖东部阻高活动频次最高,同时,每个区域中又存在着相应的阻高活跃区.亚欧中高纬地区夏季阻高活动具有明显的季节内变化特征.6月份,阻塞活动多发生在乌拉尔山地区和鄂霍次克海地区,以双阻为主要形势;7月份,欧洲区和贝加尔湖地区的阻塞活动有所增多,尤其贝加尔湖东部地区增多明显,而乌拉尔山地区的阻塞形势明显减少,鄂霍次克海地区的阻塞活动位置向北移动,多发生在60°N以北,双阻形势逐渐减弱,贝加尔湖地区的中阻形势有所增强.8月份,阻塞形势主要存在于贝加尔湖东西两区,中阻形势占据主导地位.亚欧中高纬地区夏季阻塞高压活动年际变化特征也很突出,且这种年际振荡有明显的地理差异.另外,研究表明亚洲北部的阻高活动多以稳定型为主,移动型阻高个例仅占6.6%.移动型阻高以起源于乌拉尔山地区最多,移距最长,生命期最长.偶极子类阻高多集中在贝加尔湖东部与乌拉尔山地区,约占该地区总阻高频次的62.0%和49.7%,平均生命期分别达到7 d/次和9 d/次以上.     

东胜区污染状况分析

文章利用东胜区主要污染源排放情况以及2005年9月1日-2007年8月31日每日SO2、NO2、PM10浓度监测值和2005-2007年SO2、NO2、PM10平均值,分析了东胜区主要污染类型、污染物来源以及东胜区近3年SO2、NO2、PM10监测值日、月、季、年分布特征和变化规律;提出了消减大气污染物排放的对策。     

我国南方冬季气候变暖前后极端降水事件分析

利用我国南方逐日降水资料及逐月温度资料,采用Mann-Kendall突变检验方法,并计算极端降水的GPD(Generalized Pareto Distribution)重现值,讨论了气候变暖前后我国南方冬季极端降水事件的变化。结果表明,我国南方冬季气候变暖的突变发生在1991年前后,且气候变暖后我国南方冬季的极端降水强度普遍有所增加。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料进一步分析气候变暖前后的环流场特征,发现东亚热带冬季风异常与我国华南、江南地区降水异常有显著的相关关系。东亚热带冬季风偏强(弱),华南、江南地区降水偏少(多)。气候变暖后中高纬度环流经向度加大,有利于北方的冷空气向南输送。此外,气候变暖后我国南方地面气温升高,海陆热力差异减小,东亚热带冬季风减弱,有利于西太平洋的暖湿气流向我国大陆东南部输送,并在东南部形成异常的水汽通量辐合,有利于形成强降水。气候变暖后,中高纬度与中低纬度异常环流系统的相互作用是我国东南部降水强度增加的主要原因。     

二连盆地早白垩世断陷及基底构造的耦合性

基底构造在沉积盆地的形成与演化过程中扮演着重要的角色.本文利用地球物理资料和地表地质调查数据, 对二连盆地早白垩世断陷分布规律与基底构造特征及其关系进行了研究, 并分析了基底构造对富油凹陷的控制作用.结果表明, 二连盆地早白垩世68个断陷总体上自北东向南西呈弥散式分布, 这些断陷可分为南部断陷群与北部断陷群, 断陷群夹持在隆起之间, 总体上构成了正负相间的盆岭构造格局.基底构造控制着二连盆地早白垩世断陷分布, 表现为: 断陷群沿着深断裂分布; 坳陷对应着基底先存复向斜, 隆起对应着基底先存复背斜; 刚性的锡林浩特地块分割了断陷群.深断裂作为构造薄弱区在伸展变形过程中优先重新活动, 并控制着断陷的发育与分布; 盖层演化和基底构造之间具有良好的继承性; 基底流变性发生突变的区带对断陷的发育与分布也具有控制作用.盆地基底断裂带上叠的凹陷、基底断裂带交汇处上叠的凹陷和刚性基底上新生的凹陷在伸展变形过程中构造继承性好、沉降量大、优质烃源岩发育, 是富油凹陷发育的有利区域.     

湿地生态系统中的多环芳烃研究进展

湿地是人类最重要的生存环境之一,但由于人类活动的干扰,湿地正遭受不同程度的污染,湿地功能也处在不断退化之中。如何保护并合理利用湿地,已成为人类共同面临的一个严峻问题。对湿地生态系统中的多环芳烃(PAHs)的国内外研究热点问题进行概括总结,介绍了湿地中PAHs的污染状况、来源解析、分布特征、修复技术、对生物的毒害及风险评价等研究的主要进展,讨论了湿地中PAHs变化趋势,此外还提出了目前湿地PAHs研究中一些亟待解决的问题:如何确定分散污染源的贡献率问题,进而提出有针对性的防治措施;提高高活性微生物的环境适应能力;研究人类活动影响的比例,并预测未来的变化趋势;PAHs污染生态风险阈值的研究。并对该领域未来可能的发展趋势进行了展望。     

技术要素按贡献参与分配的探讨

分析了技术要素按贡献参与分配的基本依据和存在问题 ,提出了技术要素按贡献参与分配的建议 :1.在企业分配领域 ,鼓励技术要素以多种形式参与收益分配 ,鼓励体制创新 ,推进技术股份化。 2 .在政府分配领域 ,政府财政科技投入比例与其科技发展对经济贡献增长率挂钩 ,科技财税政策与产业政策、税源经济吻合 ,营造科技奖励的软环境。 3.在社会分配领域 ,充分发挥技术评估部门和行业管理部门的作用 ,对进入技术市场的技术的成熟度和科技含量进行有效的测试和监管 ,保证技术商品的品质 ;技术交易当事人应具诚信态度和法制观念 ;重视中介的作用 ,把技术市场搞活。     

Biodiversity and invasibility: Distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.