The Upper Pleistocene to Holocene sediments on the Mediterranean island of Lampedusa (Italy)

The island of Lampedusa lies on the northern edge of the African continental shelf, but during some Quaternary marine lowstands it was joined to the African continent. The study and dating of the aeolian, alluvial, detrital sediments, calcareous crusts and speleothems have established that the climatic–environmental variations recorded on the island can be related chronologically to those known for northern Libya, Tunisia and the Italian peninsula. During the Last Glacial Maximum, phases of Saharan dust accumulation on Lampedusa occurred, and were coeval with dust accumulation in crater lakes and on high mountains in central‐southern Italy, and with phases of glacial advance in the Apennines and in the Alps. During the late Holocene, accumulation of Saharan dust on Lampedusa occurred but there was little accumulation of dust on the northern side of the Mediterranean Sea. With the new data from Lampedusa, it is possible to envisage two different scenarios of atmospheric circulation relating to the Last Glacial Maximum and to the late Holocene. During the Last Glacial Maximum, southerly atmospheric circulation brought rainfall to the southern slopes of the Alps and to the Apennines. During the late Holocene, a prevalent westerly atmospheric circulation became established in the northern Mediterranean. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ratios of stable carbon isotopes in some High Arctic plants and lake sediments

¹³C/¹²C ratios for a number of High Arctic vascular plants (51 determinations), mosses (11), and freshwater algae (11) show considerable variation, particularly among the freshwater algae (range from-6.9 to -36.3). In some cases the stable carbon ratios on modern and fossil materials provide guidance as to whether marine waters formerly occupied a given pond or lake basin. In other cases the ¹³C values for algae collected along the present-day shore of a pond or lake bear no relation to the values obtained on constituents preserved within the bottom sediments, suggesting that major changes have occurred in the last few thousand years.Geological Survey of Canada Contribution No. 17291. Contribution No. 41 from the Cape Herschel Project.     

Sm-Nd ISOTOPIC AGE OF LAMPROPHYRES IN THE GEZHEN GOLD-BEARING SHEAR ZONE ON HAINAN ISLAND AND ITS GEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of eight lamprophyre samples, which come from the Gezhen gold-bearing shear zone on western Hainan Island, are measured. The Sm-Nd isochron age is 495.98±13.14 Ma, (143Nd/144Nd) 0=0.512094, εNd(t) ranges from +1.80 to +2.00 and TDM from 982 Ma to 1196 Ma (average: 1060 Ma). The authors point out that the whole-rock Sm-Nd isochron age (495.98 ± 13.14 Ma) really represents the petrogenetic age of lamprophyre and the time of magmatism during subsequent subduction.     

海南博螯沿岸地貌与人类活动的潜在影响

The Boao coastal system along the eastern coast of Hainan Island is a dynamic delta-tidal inlet-barrier formed during the late Holocene. The delta developed inside a shallow lagoon barred by a sandy barrier with a narrow, shallow tidal inlet opening. Two major distributary channels separated by small islands characterize the delta. The lagoon is silting up receiving and trapping sediments from both the river and, in minor measure during storms, through the tidal inlet opening and barrier washovers. The barrier at the tidal inlet is highly dynamic and changes its form, accreting (migrating spit) against the inlet during fair-weather conditions and being eroded during storms and river floods.The delta has almost completely filled the lagoon and major concerns exist on the effect that ongoing large development plans may have on the environment. These concerns include the effect on floods and rate of siltation once banks of the islands have been stabilized and floodwater and sediment load are impeded from spreading over the lowlands, and the effect of increasing pollutant loads from the new facilities on the ecosystems of the increasingly restricting lagoon water and on the seashores.     

沉积物供给影响下厦门岛东南部海滩响应差异性研究

以厦门岛东南部海滩为例,基于10条剖面连续6年野外实测地形数据,利用经验正交函数分析方法（EOF）提取海滩变化的主要模态,分析海滩中长期蚀淤变化特征及其控制因素。EOF提取方差总占比超过90%的前三种模态反映研究区海滩时空演变特征：沙源条件对海滩蚀淤过程起主导作用为第一模态,受上游沙源条件及沿岸输沙方向影响,海滩剖面在纵向上存在差异性,研究区北侧剖面持续淤积,南侧剖面则呈现侵蚀状态;第二模态为波浪季节性变化导致海滩滩肩在冬季变窄和夏季变宽之间旋回;人类活动影响滩面形态变化为第三模态,人类活动对岸滩形态及其变化产生一定影响,其中人工构筑物对研究区海滩影响较大。从多年海滩变化来看,沙源条件控制海滩响应差异性,沉积物供给充足的海滩形态变化幅度及系统可调节范围比沉积物匮乏海滩大,泥沙供给贫乏的海滩地形变化幅度虽小,其系统缓冲能力及自适应能力却弱。     

海南岛北部海湾重金属污染分布及来源

伴随社会经济的发展,海南岛附近海域出现不同程度的重金属污染。2019年我们采集了位于海南岛北部的铺前湾、澄迈湾、后水湾、洋浦湾的表层沉积物,对照国家海洋沉积物质量标准（GB18668—2002）,使用地累积指数、重金属污染指数、重金属污染程度指数以及潜在生态风险指数等多种参数评价了各海湾重金属分布及污染状况。结果显示,砷（As）是各海湾中污染最明显的重金属元素。澄迈湾及铺前湾总体污染状况较为严重,洋浦湾总体污染状况较轻。船舶燃油燃烧、水产养殖、化肥施用、矿业废水等人类活动都会带来不同程度的重金属污染,需采取适当措施,有针对性地对海南岛北部海湾重金属污染进行防治。     

海南岛西部大广坝地区晚奥陶世-早志留世笔石地层的发现及意义

笔者于海南岛西部大广坝地区一套浅变质岩系中首次发现晚奥陶世-早志留世笔石,经鉴定属双笔石类。有关此套地层的时代归属长期存在争议,先后划归为寒武纪、前泥盆纪、泥盆纪-石炭纪、石炭纪、二叠纪,笔石的发现为其时代归属提供了依据,并进一步证实了该区晚奥陶纪-早志留纪地层的存在,为海南岛中北部地区奥陶纪-志留纪深水相地层的划分与对比、时代归属、及海南岛含笔石地层的研究提供了新资料,对古生物地理分区、沉积相、沉积大地构造背景及大地构造格局的研究也具重要意义。     

海南岛4—9月短时强降水的天气型和环境参数特征

利用海南岛加密自动站逐小时降水资料、ERA5再分析资料,对海南岛短时强降水日环流配置进行了天气学分型,并进一步探讨了各天气型下海南岛短时强降水的时空分布、环流形势和关键环境参数特征。结果表明：(1)海南岛短时强降水有明显的日变化特征,呈单峰型,主要出现在15:00—19:00。(2)海南岛短时强降水的天气型主要有南海低压槽、华南沿海槽、西南低压槽和冷锋型。(3)南海低压槽、华南沿海槽、西南低压槽和冷锋型短时强降水分别占37%,31%,16%和16%。南海低压槽和华南沿海槽型主要出现在7、8和9月;西南低压槽型除9月外,其余各月份均可能出现;冷锋型绝大多数出现在4、5月。(4)南海低压槽和华南沿海槽型整层湿度条件都较好,不稳定能量较大,垂直风切变较弱。西南低压槽型不稳定能量较大,湿度条件一般,垂直风切变较弱。冷锋型存在明显的上干下湿特征,垂直风切变最大,0～6 km风速差75%分位大于10 m/s,不稳定能量最小。     

Preliminary study on pisionids (Annelida: Polychaeta Pisionidae) from Hainan Island coastal waters, South China Sea

Of the four species ofPisione Grube (1856) collected from the coastal waters of Hainan Island, the South China Sea, and described in this paper,Pisione hainanensis n. sp. is new to science;Pisione oerstedii Grube, 1857;Pisione complexa Alikunhi, 1947, and Pisione levisetosa Zhao, Westheide & Wu, 1991 are reported for the first time from this area. Project 38970187 supported by NSFC.