Transition and Diversity in Rural Housing Provision: The case of Narrogin,Western Australia

The purpose of this paper is to examine the changing dynamics of housing markets in an Australian rural community. With reference to the case of Narrogin, Western Australia, it argues that there is an increasing disjuncture between the social and demographic characteristics of rural residents and the modal form of housing in country towns, namely the detached family house. Factors contributing to this disjuncture include the ageing of the population, the loss of traditional blue-collar employment, sub-regional restructuring of service provision, retirement migration patterns, and growing acceptance of the particular housing needs of groups such as the aged, the disabled, young and indigenous people. While it is clear that there is currently something of a mismatch between the characteristics of the population and the housing stock in Narrogin, it is also evident that a combination of political, cultural and economic factors form a significant barrier to adjustment in the local housing market.     

地震荷载下莫高窟围岩动态损伤特性研究

本以敦煌莫高窟为研究对象，阐述了地震荷载下洞窟围岩动态损伤的影响因素；采用动力有限元法。从地震动特性入手。分析研究了地震作用对洞窟围岩及其附属构筑物可能造成的损坏，为石窟物地震安全评估及防灾对策研究提供了依据。     

辽宁省本溪县杨家堡子金矿地质特征及成因浅析

本溪县杨家堡子金矿赋存于早古生代奥陶系马家沟组及寒武系凤山组内,矿体主要围岩为变质程度轻微的碎屑沉积岩及碳酸盐岩,矿体受断裂构造控制,金矿物及载金矿物——黄(褐)铁矿均呈稀疏浸染状分布,金成矿与燕山期二长花岗岩关系密切,具有"卡林型"金矿床地质特征。认为杨家堡子金矿是与早古生代寒武系、奥陶系地层、岩性、岩相(变质相)、断裂构造及燕山期岩浆活动有成因联系的金矿床,对矿体的矿物组合进行分析,初步确定矿化成因应属低温热液型金矿床。     

黑龙江通河县曙光石场地区土壤地球化学特征与成矿预测

为查明曙光石场地区各成矿元素和矿(化)体的分布特征,在1∶2万土壤地球化学测量的基础上,对研究区多种成矿元素进行聚类分析和因子分析。研究表明:区内Ag、Pb、Zn、Bi、Sn单元素异常个数多、变异系数值较高,具有较强的成矿潜力;区内Ag-Pb-Zn元素组合异常套和极好,异常强度较强,与岩浆热液型成矿作用相关,具有较好的找矿前景;根据单元素异常的套合情况及元素共生组合规律圈定组合异常六处并进行了槽探工程验证,在Ht-4组合异常处发现一铅锌银矿点,矿体、矿化体产于上石炭统唐家屯组流纹质凝灰岩中。     

Capabilities of the bathymetric Hawk Eye LiDAR for coastal habitat mapping: A case study within a Basque estuary

The bathymetric LiDAR system is an airborne laser that detects sea bottom at high vertical and horizontal resolutions in shallow coastal waters. This study assesses the capabilities of the airborne bathymetric LiDAR sensor (Hawk Eye system) for coastal habitat mapping in the Oka estuary (within the Biosphere Reserve of Urdaibai, SE Bay of Biscay, northern Spain), where water conditions are moderately turbid. Three specific objectives were addressed: 1) to assess the data quality of the Hawk Eye LiDAR, both for terrestrial and subtidal zones, in terms of height measurement density, coverage, and vertical accuracy; 2) to compare bathymetric LiDAR with a ship-borne multibeam echosounder (MBES) for different bottom types and depth ranges; and 3) to test the discrimination potential of LiDAR height and reflectance information, together with multi-spectral imagery (three visible and near infrared bands), for the classification of 22 salt marsh and rocky shore habitats, covering supralittoral, intertidal and subtidal zones. The bathymetric LiDAR Hawk Eye data enabled the generation of a digital elevation model (DEM) of the Oka estuary, at 2 m of horizontal spatial resolution in the terrestrial zone (with a vertical accuracy of 0.15 m) and at 4 m within the subtidal, extending a water depth of 21 m. Data gaps occurred in 14.4% of the area surveyed with the LiDAR (13.69 km²). Comparison of the LiDAR system and the MBES showed no significant mean difference in depth. However, the Root Mean Square error of the former was high (0.84 m), especially concentrated upon rocky (0.55–1.77 m) rather than in sediment bottoms (0.38–0.62 m). The potential of LiDAR topographic variables and reflectance alone for discriminating 15 intertidal and submerged habitats was low (with overall classification accuracy between 52.4 and 65.4%). In particular, reflectance retrieved for this case study has been found to be not particularly useful for classification purposes. The combination of the LiDAR-based DEM and derived topographical features with the near infrared and visible bands has permitted the mapping of 22 supralittoral, intertidal and subtidal habitats of the Oka estuary, with high overall classification accuracies of between 84.5% and 92.1%, using the maximum likelihood algorithm. The airborne bathymetric Hawk Eye LiDAR, although somewhat limited by water turbidity and wave breaking, provides unique height information obscured from topographic LiDAR and acoustic systems, together with an improvement of the habitat mapping reliability in the complex and dynamic coastal fringe.     

Assessing fish quality status in transitional waters,within the European Water Framework Directive: Setting boundary classes and responding to anthropogenic pressures

Validation of the AZTI's Fish Index (AFI), proposed for the Basque Country (northern Spain), in assessing fish quality within the Water Framework Directive (WFD), is undertaken. The response to anthropogenic pressure is investigated, in setting the boundaries between the different quality status classes. Hence, 12 estuaries were sampled, at different frequencies, between 1989 and 2007, by means of a beam trawl. Significant (p < 0.0001) correlations were found between the AFI and oxygen saturation and ammonia. Oxygen quality standards are used to set boundaries between quality classes. Then, the AFIs obtained are compared with different anthropogenic pressures, including urban and industrial discharges, engineering works and dredging. The effects of the removal of some of these pressures are also studied. The total number of pressures within an estuary shows significant (p < 0.009) negative correlation with AFI, explaining between 51 and 62% of the variability in fish quality. The impact of pressures upon fish and demersal assemblages is detected as required by the WFD. Nonetheless, further investigation and intercalibration of the methods used, are necessary.     

Diagenetic evolution of the upper Cretaceous limestone and sandstone exhumed reservoirs in the western Basque–Cantabrian Basin,North Spain

The Basque–Cantabrian Basin (NE Spain) has been considered one of the most interesting areas for hydrocarbon exploration in the Iberian Peninsula since the 60th to 70th of last century. This basin is characterized by the presence of numerous outcrops of tar sands closely associated with fractures and Triassic diapirs. The aims of this work is to establish the diagenetic evolution of the Upper Cretaceous reservoir rocks with special emphasis in the emplacement of oil and their impact on reservoir quality. The studied rocks are constituted of carbonates and sandstones that contain massive quantities of bitumen filling vugs and fractures.Petrographic results indicate that the carbonate rocks from Maestu outcrops are bioclastic grainstones and wackestones, whereas the tar sandstones from Atauri and Loza outcrops are dominated by quartzarenites and subordinated subarkoses. The paragenetic sequence of the main diagenetic phases and processes include, pyrite, bladed and drusy calcite cement, calcite overgrowths, silicification of bioclasts and microcrystalline rhombic dolomite cement, and first stage of oil emplacement, blocky calcite cement, coarse crystalline calcite cement, calcitized dolomite, calcite veins, saddle dolomite and stylolites filled by the second phase of oil entrance. Together with the above mentioned diagenetic alterations, the arenites are affected by early kaolinitization of feldspars and the scarce formation of clay rim and epimatrix of illite. All sandstones and dolomitized carbonate rocks show high intercrystalline and intergranular porosity which is full by biodegraded hydrocarbons (solid bitumen). The biodegradation affects alkanes, isoprenoids and partially hopanes and steranes saturated hydrocarbons. Aromatics hydrocarbons, like naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, dibenzothiophenes and triaromatics are also affected by biodegradation. Results indicate that the first HC emplacement corresponds to early stage of calcite and dolomite cementation, and the second and more important emplacement is related to fracturation processes resulting in the formation of excellent reservoirs.     

Finding common ground? Spaces of dialogue and the negotiation of Indigenous interests in environmental campaigns in Australia

Critiquing the usefulness of cosmopolitanism this paper argues that we need a more nuanced and subtle understanding of how commonalities are found, created and maintained across difference. This paper uses two juxtapositions of perspective (around place and environment) to explore how such boundaries of difference can be negotiated. It uses an examination of the ways in which environmental groups in Australia have sought to negotiate Indigenous interests through creating spaces of dialogue and changing working practices. It is based on 30 interviews with both Indigenous and non-Indigenous activists across two case regions; Cape York (Queensland) and Barmah-Millewa (Victoria/New South Wales). Four issues were identified that have proved particularly contentious in negotiations to build collaborative campaigns: language; power and ownership; scale and timeframes; and economics. There are examples of both successes and ongoing problematic practices across these tensions. However there is also a growing mutual ownership of the issues. Moving beyond a colonial paternal sense of responsibility, to a dynamic and engaged mutuality of concern for both processes and outcomes has resulted in gradual, small, and progressive steps forward in Indigenous/non-Indigenous collaborative environmental campaigning.     

基于FLUS-UGB的县域土地利用模拟及城镇开发边界划定研究

当前城镇开发边界的制定与已有基本农田和生态保护红线存在较大的龃龉,在新的国土空间规划体系下,需要科学划定县域合理的城镇开发边界以实现国土空间的可持续开发利用。对此,本文提出了基于三线协调和FLUS-UGB的城镇增长边界划定方法,以江苏省丰县为研究案例,在对其2011—2017年土地利用进行模拟和验证的基础上预测了至2035年的多情景土地利用变化,结合耕地保护与生态控制背景,最终确定城镇增长边界。结果表明：① 2017年丰县土地利用模拟的总体精度达到94.7%,Kappa系数为0.895,模拟精度较高。② 基准情景下,城镇用地呈现“摊大饼”的空间扩张趋势。在耕地保护与生态控制背景下,城镇呈“放射式”向外有序扩张。③ 预测2035年丰县城镇用地开发边界面积为80.29 km²,2017—2035年共17年增长幅度达到69.07%。明确划分城镇开发边界能够有效避免城镇用地对永久基本农田和重要生态用地的侵占,从而实现城镇扩张、永久基本农田和重要生态用地保护三者之间的良好空间协调。     

粤港澳区域联动发展的关键科学问题与重点议题

在新时期新背景下,实现粤港澳区域联动发展具有紧迫性、必要性和重大现实意义。本文认为研究粤港澳区域联动发展需要以区域一体化理论体系、“全球—地方”尺度理论、区域空间相互作用理论体系为主要的理论基础。其关键科学问题是研究“一国两制”下粤港澳尺度的区域联动理论,探索粤港澳区域联动的机制、关键因素、模式与路径;提出了粤港澳区域联动发展关注的4个重点议题：①粤港澳区域一体化/协同理论的研究与探索;②粤港澳地位与作用研究;③粤港澳联动的多尺度、多主体影响机制与模式研究;④粤港澳联动发展的实施路径研究。