Chalk shore platform erosion in the vicinity of sea defence structures and the impact of construction methods

Erosion of the intertidal chalk platform in the vicinity of groynes and seawalls is evident to the naked eye along many stretches of the engineered coastline of southeast England, leading to undermining and eventually failure of these structures. However, quantification of the magnitude and spatial extent of the erosion has been difficult to date because of a lack of data about the past elevation of the platform. The application of softcopy photogrammetry makes it possible to recreate past platform elevations from historic air photographs and to compare these with elevations from modern air photographs. Coastal sea defence structures have been installed along the chalk coast east of Brighton at various dates over the past 70 years. During this period, the construction methods have changed from predominantly manual labour to a reliance on heavy machines. The analysis of erosion patterns around structures built since the 1970s using heavy machinery show that surface lowering is 4 to 25 times greater in the vicinity of these structures than across the platform as a whole. In contrast, there is no similar pattern of increased erosion around structures built using predominantly manual labour in the 1930s. A four fold increase in average surface lowering is found also along a vehicle trackway that crosses the mid platform. Depressions developed by enhanced lowering in the front of seawalls generate their own dynamic of increased erosion by trapping pebbles and cobbles that enhance the abrasion of the chalk through bedload transport under standing waves in front of the walls.     

使用简易测试平台检测马哈克扭力仪的性能

本文描述简易测试平台的原理与制作，对马哈克MAIHAK MDS－820型扭力仪检测模拟负载的准确性进行探讨。     

Cyclic inelastic behavior and analytical modelling of pile–leg interaction in jacket type offshore platforms

Structures in locations susceptible to severe seismic disturbances should be designed properly in order to resist lateral forces induced by earthquake motions. Steel offshore platforms are some of those structures which are built to withstand environmental and accidental loads during oil exploitation operation. Particular attention is being paid to earthquake loads in seismic active areas because it directly influences the capacity of the offshore installations.

In this paper, a small-scaled planar platform has been modelled analytically using nonlinear finite element program, based on an experimental test, conducted simultaneously in order to assess the local and global behavior of pile–leg interaction in Jacket Type Offshore Platforms (JTOPs). A combination of nonlinear beam column elements and fatigue affected elements are used to capture the inelastic cyclic behavior of planar frame as accurately as possible. Results of analytical tests are to be compared with experiments and it is concluded that an analytical approach can be best used for modelling JTOPs with reasonable accuracy regardless of the type and scale of the structure. Moreover, a special study on joints has been carried out and the best model has been selected to simulate brittle behavior of joints resulting from heat affected zone.     

GPS网络RTK的质量控制

随着科技的发展与工程应用的深入,传统RTK技术的不足也逐渐体现出来。网络RTK的出现克服了它的局限性。本文简要介绍了网络RTK的概念、工作原理、误差来源与平差、质量控制方法。     

华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩中的微生物成因构造及其生烃潜力

华北地台中元古界主要由环潮坪石英砂岩、浅海碳酸盐岩和浅海—泻湖相暗色页岩3种沉积相组合构成,以陆表海浅水碳酸盐岩占主导。碳酸盐岩中除含有丰富的微古植物、宏观藻类和微生物建隆外,还发育大量的微生物成因构造(MISS)和微生物诱发的碳酸盐沉淀(MMCP)。微生物席和MISS构造在高于庄组上部(约1.6 Ga)和雾迷山组下部(约1.45 Ga)碳酸盐岩中尤为发育,表明活跃的微生物活动和高有机质产量。在石化微生物席中,发现有丝状、球状细菌化石和草莓状黄铁矿;围岩中发现有针状文石、花瓣状重晶石、放射状菱铁矿、铁白云石和葡萄状碳酸盐胶结物等多种自生碳酸盐矿物,指示甲烷厌氧氧化(AOM)导致的自生碳酸盐沉淀。中元古代的温暖气候和海洋分层、缺氧、硫化条件有利于微生物的高生产量和高有机质埋藏率。气隆构造和核形石状碳酸盐结核反映浅埋藏条件下活跃的成烷作用和甲烷排放,围岩和MMCP中富沥青质。华北地台中元古界富微生物席碳酸盐岩有良好的生烃潜力,有可能形成重要的烃源岩。据微生物席、MISS构造及MMCP的研究,初步估算华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩的概略生烃潜力约为10×108t石油当量。     

Automatic equipment to monitor groundwater radon

Prototype instrumentation, able to automatically measure groundwater radon content variations, is presented. The equipment is made of stainless steel and has spherical valves with automatic and pneumatic control. The deemanation of the gases from the water is obtained by evacuating a suitable expansion chamber. The instrumentation can make discrete sampling ranging from 1 per hour to 1 per 99 hours. The equipment was tested in the laboratory: the efficiency was measured by means of a²⁶⁶Ra solution. A mean value of (0.65±0.07) count/s/Bq was obtained. A calibration test was carried out by comparing countings from the automatic equipment with those obtained by the standard laboratory cell. Results of an operational check over a period of approximately one year indicate that variations in radon at the calibration site are attributable more to meteorological than to tectonic causes.     

扬子地台前寒武纪－寒武纪界线地层的微体植物化石群

前寒武纪一寒武纪界线地层在扬子地台发育良好、分布广泛,并有包括微体植物群、海藻、瓶形原生物、具硬体动物及‘澄江动物群’等化石的发现。因而,扬子地台成为研究前寒武纪－寒武纪界线生物地层的代表地区之一。基于对扬子地台前寒武纪－寒武纪界线地层已知微体植物化石记录的回顾和论定,总结概括了下寒武统微体植物化石组合：寒武系最底部硅质磷块岩中的Ｍｉｃｒｈｙｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ－Ｐａｒａｃｙｍａｔｉｏｓｐｈａｅｒａ－Ｍｅｇａｔｈｒｉｘ组合和较高层位页岩的Ｓｋｉａｇｉａ－Ａｎｎｕｌｕｍ－Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｄｉｓｃｉｎａ组合。它们分别与Ａｎａｂａｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｉｒｃｏｔｈｅｃａ－Ｐｒｏｔｏｈｅｒｔｚｉｎａ小壳动物化石带和Ｐａｒａｂａｄｉｅｌｌａ及Ｅｏｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ三叶虫带相对应。与东欧地台疑源类生物地层相对照,扬子地台Ｍｉｃｒｈｙｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ－Ｐａｒａｃｙｍａｔｉｏｓｐｈａｅｒａ－Ｍｅｇａｔｈｒｉｘ组合的纵向分布大体和东欧地台Ａｓｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍｔｏｒｎａｔｕｍ－Ｃｏｍａｓｐｈａｅｒｉｄｉｕｍｖｅｌｖｅｔｕｍ组合带相一致,而以上两地台的化石组合产出层位可能都略高于纽芬兰东部剖面,依据Ｐｈｙｃｏｄｅｓｐｅｄｕｍ所厘定的寒武系底界?     

The first record of dinosaurs in the Dalmatian part (Croatia) of the Adriatic-Dinaric carbonate platform (ADCP)

The first discovery of dinosaur footprints on the Dalmatian part of the Adriatic-Dinaric carbonate platform (ADCP) is reported. They constitute the geologically youngest record of footprints on the ADCP. The trackbearing layer was formed in the intertidal environment and represents the final stage of a shallowing-upward cycle. Just below it, a heavy dinoturbated limestone layer can be observed. Microfacies analysis, incorporating evidence from benthic foraminifera and algae, indicates a Late Turonian–Early Coniacian age. The overall morphology and size of the footprints points to sauropod dinosaurs; they represent the largest forms recorded so far on the ADCP. This hints at a prolonged sauropod presence on the platform and to its Late Cretaceous connection to the continent rather than isolation.     

华北地台北缘成矿带大青山绿岩型金矿地质特征

本文详细阐述了大青山地区绿岩型金矿的地质特征和找矿标志,指出金矿化带赋存在二道洼群大理岩与其它岩层的接触部位,同时受韧性剪切带控制,在大理岩褶曲部位或下层位有利于形成较富矿体。该类型金矿的发现,大大地拓展了在大青山地区的找矿空间。     

DAS24-3B数据采集系统采集控制模块的工作原理

DAS24-3B是中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研制的宽频带地震数据采集系统。采集控制模块是该系统的重要组成部分。本文阐述了控制模块的工作原理，介绍了DAS24-3B系统的基本组成和采集器工作过程，并给出该系统如何与笔记本端应用程序界面通讯和联络的操作建议，使该系统能够在工作中发挥更大的作用。