温度变化对刺参同工酶的影响

采用同工酶电泳方法,对在不同温度处理下刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)和超氧化歧化酶(SOD)的表达情况进行分析。本文结果显示刺参组织内无LDH同工酶的表达。在10℃到20℃的温度突变处理中,12 h内EST和SOD均有新增酶带,在20℃到10℃的温度突变1 h内EST表达有新增酶带。3 h内SOD表达有新增酶带。在不同变温幅度的处理中,EST和SOD只有1条酶带。这表明,刺参对温度突变可产生积极的响应,对于其适应环境温度的变化具有重要意义。     

无公害刺参稳产健康养殖新技术

本文针对目前刺参养殖中存在的问题,简单明了叙述刺参无公害健康养殖一系列新技术和新方法,对推动海参养殖业持续、稳定、健康发展,起到积极作用和效果。     

178Hz正弦波对刺参行为、呼吸及免疫应答的影响

根据山东荣成沿岸风电机组产生的声波范围选取其中178Hz的峰值声音,声压级控制于(85±5)d B,在实验室水槽中,采用实验生态学方法研究了178Hz声波影响下的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参的行为反应、耗氧率以及体腔液抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD)浓度的变化。通过平均聚集率的变化比较,发现刺参对178Hz的声波胁迫环境的行为反应敏感;利用空瓶法测得幼参耗氧率显著低于对照组(P0.05);通过测定刺参体腔液免疫活性发现在该频率声波干扰下的刺参CAT活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),而SOD活性于对照组差异不明显(P0.05)。研究结果说明声波对刺参幼参的呼吸和免疫会产生明显影响,可为我国近海刺参养殖和风电发展策略提供参考。     

Development strategies for the sea cucumber industry in China

The sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is an important marine aquaculture species in China. After nearly thirty years of development, the production of A. japonicus has become commercially lucrative and successful. In this report, current advances in sea cucumber industry are addressed in terms of the basic biology, culturing methods, and health care bene?ts. Next, the challenges restricting development of the sea cucumber industry are discussed, including weaknesses in the basic biological research, the problem of germplasm degradation, environmental stress caused by global climate change, and food safety problems. Finally, several strategies are presented that might contribute to sustainable development of the sea cucumber industry. These strategies include advances in genome studies, behavioral studies, selective breeding, ecological culture technologies, reforms in food safety management, and the development of health care functions based on contemporary medical practices. Thus, our work provides new insights into how to explore the sustainable development of the sea cucumber industry in the future.     

Relationships between body weight and other morphological traits in young sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicas

Correlation, multiple regression, and path analyses were used to investigate the relationships between body weight and three other morphological traits in juvenile Japanese sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus . We measured live body weight (BW), body length (BL), numbers of papillae (NP), and numbers of tube feet (NF) at 60, 80, 100, and 130 days post-hatching (dph). We calculated path correlation coefficients, correlation indices ( R 2 ), and coefficients of determination with BW as the dependent variable and the other morphological traits as independent variables. The coefficient of variation for BW was high across all age groups, and all measured morphological traits were significantly correlated ( P < 0.01). BL had the greatest direct eff ect on BW across all age groups (60 dph, 0.526;80 dph, 0.404;100 dph, 0.620;and 130 dph, 0.681), while NF had the greatest indirect eff ect on BW across all age groups (60 dph, 0.528;80 dph, 0.452;100 dph, 0.666;and 130 dph, 0.603). Regression analyses between morphological traits and BW indicated that R 2 was greater than 0.85 only in the 100-dph specimens. The indirect eff ects of the other measured morphological traits on BW were age-dependent. The optimal regression equations, as determined with stepwise regression, were, for 60-dph specimens: BW 60 =10 (-3.04+0.092BL+0.014NP+0.014NF)( R 2 =0.632);for 80-dph specimens: BW 80 =10 (- 3.035+0.056BL+0.017NP+0.02NF)( R 2 =0.686);for 100-dph specimens: BW 100 =10 (- 3.742+0.069BL+0. 633 · lg (NP)+0. 464 · lg (NF))( R 2 =0.893);and for 130-dph specimens: BW 130 =10 (- 2.472+0.065BL+0.012NP)( R 2 =0.774). Our work clarified the correlation between various morphological traits and body weight of a commercially-important sea cucumber species ( A . japonicus ). Our predictive models for body weight might be useful for the aquaculture and selective breeding of A . japonicus . These models might also provide theoretical support for the indirect selection of traits that are difficult to select directly.     

四种重金属对刺参幼参的急性致毒效应

采用静水试验法,在水温18.5℃~20℃的条件下,用Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 四种重金属对刺参幼参进行了单一急性毒性试验。结果表明:Cu2 对刺参幼参的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为0.299,0.176,0.133和0.120mg/L;Zn2 的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为6.700,3.624,2.577和1.951mg/L;Cd2 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为4.246,2.588和2.137mg/L;Cr6 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为31.974,7.499和3.808mg/L;Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 对刺参幼参的安全浓度分别为0.018,0.362,0.259和0.750mg/L。四种重金属对刺参幼参的毒性大小依次为Cu2 >Cd2 >Zn2 >Cr6 。     

日粮水平对周期性变温模式下刺参生长和能量收支的影响

变温对不同水生生物生长的影响有所不同,对部分种类具有明显的促进作用,而由于种类或温度设置等差异,研究结果各有差异.刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)在生长和生理水平上对一定程度上的符合自然水域温度波动曲线的周期性变温具有积极响应,作者研究在2个变温平均温度(均温15,18 ℃),5个日粮水平(饥饿;0.3%初始体重;0.6%初始体重;0.9%初始体重;1.4%初始体重)下刺参幼参的生长、摄食和能量收支.结果表明,在饱食条件下,刺参在变温条件下生长率高于相应的恒温对照,(15±3) ℃下差异达到显著水平.在各日粮条件下,(15±3) ℃下刺参的生长率均高于(18±3) ℃下对应日粮组.随日粮水平的升高,食物吸收率(FI)和食物转化率(FCE)显著升高.食物转化率变温组均大于恒温处理组,且在均温15 ℃下变温组显著高于恒温组(P<0.05).在能量分配模式中呼吸能占比例最大,且随变温均温升高而显著增加,是造成不同温度下刺参生长率变化的主要因素之一.在(15±3) ℃和(18±3) ℃下,刺参以能量表示的维持日粮值分别为0.39%和0.51%,与相关资料报道的恒温状态下维持日粮相比,一定程度上的变温并不会提高刺参的维持代谢.     

刺参染色体制备的初步研究

为探索取材容易、结果稳定可靠的刺参染色体制备方法,分别以刺参(Apostichopus japortfcus)胚胎和成体为材料对刺参染色体制片方法进行了研究.结果表明,以原肠后期胚胎为材料采用常规的热滴片法,细胞有丝分裂指数最高,获得分裂相效果最好;以成体呼吸树、成体肠组织为材料时,也能获得中期分裂相染色体,但存在着细...     

刺参肠道微生物组成分析及产酶、溶血性试验

对野生和人工养殖刺参的肠壁及内容物中的菌群数量、种类组成进行了研究;并结合产酶试验和溶血性试验,对刺参肠道益生菌做了初步的体外筛选。结果表明,野生刺参肠壁及内容物中的细菌数量分别为(3.30±0.41)×107 cfu/g、(6.39±0.32)×107 cfu/g,养殖刺参肠壁及内容物中的细菌数量分别为(2.83±0.31)×107 cfu/g、(5.67±0.53)×107 cfu/g。野生刺参肠道优势菌为弧菌属(Vibrio),次优势菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella);养殖刺参肠道优势菌为弧菌属(Vibrio),次优势菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。在224株细菌中,共有160株细菌具有产酶能力,所占比例为71.43%,其中具产蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶能力菌株分别为114株、114株、108株,所占比例分别为50.89%、50.89%、48.21%。99株细菌中有23株具有溶血性,所占比例为23.23%。综合分析实验数据,确定6株细菌作为刺参肠道潜在益生菌,菌株代号分别为HS1(Pseudomonas)、HS5(Bacillus)、HS7(Shewanella)、HS8(Vibrio)、HS10(Vibrio)、HS11(Vibrio)。     

池塘养殖和海上吊笼养殖仿刺参肠道菌群结构对比分析

实验采用平板分离及16S r DNA序列分析法研究池塘养殖和海上吊笼养殖仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的前肠、中肠和后肠菌群结构并进行对比分析.结果显示,从海上吊笼养殖的仿刺参的肠道内分离鉴定的240株菌株分属于3个门、11个属和34个种.从池塘养殖仿刺参的肠道内分离鉴定的211株菌株分属于3个门、11个属和49个种.两种养殖模式仿刺参肠道菌群结构存在较大差异,且同一仿刺参肠道各部分之间的菌群结构也存在较大的差异.海上养殖仿刺参的肠道优势菌群为弧菌属(Vibrio)、Formosa属、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella),池塘养殖仿刺参的肠道内优势菌群为弧菌属(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、喜盐芽孢杆菌属(Halobacillus).两个菌群共有菌株有7个种,存在于在不同的肠道部位.两种养殖模式比较发现池塘养殖仿刺参的肠道菌群的丰富度大于海上吊笼养殖的仿刺参,且池塘养殖仿刺参肠道内芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)等益生菌的占比较高,海上吊笼养殖仿刺参分离得到较多的弧菌属(Vibrio)细菌.本研究可为南方仿刺参人工养殖中潜在益生菌的筛选提供基础资料.