鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)侵染对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)磷酸酶活性的影响

对500个成体青蛤分别用鳗弧菌和生理盐水注射,在感染后3h、6h、12h、24h和36h分别取不同处理组的肝胰脏、鳃和闭壳肌组织,测定上述样品的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性,分析鳗弧菌对青蛤体内免疫相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,鳗弧菌感染组的ALP与ACP活性从高到低依次为肝胰脏鳃闭壳肌,其中青蛤肝胰脏和鳃组织中ALP和ACP活性均有显著升高的趋势,并且在12h时达到最高,与对照组差异显著(P0.05),随后呈现下降趋势。而青蛤闭壳肌组织中侵染组ALP和ACP活性与对照组之间没有显著差异(P0.05)。鳗弧菌对青蛤的磷酸酶活性影响较大,对其免疫防御系统有明显的刺激作用。     

无定形碳酸钙结合蛋白对鼠前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

以 MC3T3-E1细胞系为实验材料,探讨了真核表达的重组蛋白 rACCBP 对成骨细胞的作用.结果表明:rACCBP 对 MC3T3-E1的分化具有抑制作用,用含有0.001 g/mL rACCBP 的 DMEM 培养液,培养8 d 后细胞的ALP 活性仅为7.187 U/mg,远低于参照的11.917 U/mg; rACCBP 削弱了 dexamethane 和 ascorbic acid 对 MC3T3-E1的诱导作用     

Wide-angle observations of ALP 2002 shots on the TRANSALP profile: Linking the two DSS projects

Dynamite shots of the crustal-scale refraction seismic project ALP 2002 were recorded by an array of 40 seismological three-component stations on the TRANSALP profile. These observations provide a direct link between the two deep seismic projects. We report preliminary results obtained from these data. In a first approach, we verified the TRANSALP refraction seismic velocity model computing travel times for several shots and comparing them to the new observations. The results generally confirm this model. Significant first-break travel time differences in and near the Tauern Window are explained by anisotropy. Large-scale features of the model, particularly the Moho structure, seem to be continuous towards the east. Travel time residuals of wide-angle reflections indicate a slight eastward dip component of the Adriatic Moho.     

僧帽牡蛎碱性磷酸酶性质的研究

从僧帽牡蛎分离纯化出一种碱性磷酸酶,采用Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤柱层析法测得该酶分子量为1.57×10~5.以对硝基苯磷酸为底物,该酶的最适温度为43℃,最适pH值为10.0.在37℃和pH值为10.0的条件下,酶催化反应的米氏常数(K_m)为9.68×10~(-4)mol/dm~3,活化能(E_a)为45.85kJ/mol,温度系数(Q_(10))为1.80(30～40℃).对该酶的热稳定性研究表明:其在45℃以下较为稳定,50℃以上明显失活,并测定了该酶的热失活速度常数.金属离子对酶活力的效应研究结果表明:Mg~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Co~(2+)对酶有激活作用,Ag~+、Hg~(2+)、Zn~(2+)表现为抑制作用,Cd~(2+)几乎没有影响.Mg~(2+)是较有效的激活剂,表现为部分非竞争性效应,激活常数(K_a)为2.48×10~(-4)mol/dm~3,有Mg~(2+)存在时该酶活性中心的转换数量是无Mg~(2+)时的4.0倍.几种效应物对酶的抑制机理研究表明:HPO_4~(2-)、HAsO_4~(2-)、Cys为竞争性,其抑制常数分别为1.61、1.18和0.15mmol/dm~3;L-Phe为反竞争性,抑制常数为3.26mmol/dm~3.     

Enzyme responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and hepatopancreas of clam Mactra vereformis, following cadmium exposure

To assess the toxicity of heavy metal pollution to marine intertidal shellfish, enzymatic responses and lipid peroxidation were investigated in the clam Mactra vereformis exposed to cadmium under laboratory conditions. Three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx), two immune defense enzymes (acid phosphatase, ACP; alkaline phosphatase, ALP), and one lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde, MDA) were measured in the gills and the hepatopancreas of the ...     

合浦珠母贝碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化与性质研究

以合浦珠母贝（Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａ ｆｕｃａｔａ）为提取酶的原料,经Ｔｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ缓冲液（ｐＨ７．５）抽提,正丁醇处理,硫酸铵分级沉淀分离,ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素离子交换树脂支析,ＤＥＡＥ－Ａ２５离子交换分子筛柱层析纯化,得到一定纯度的碱性磷酸酶,比活力达到１４４４Ｕ／ｍｇ。酶学性质和动力学性质研究表明,该酶催化对硝基苯磷酸（ｐＮＰＰ）的水解反应,最适ｐＨ值为９．７２,最适温度为４５℃,水解反应的活化能为     

Inversion of travel times obtained during active seismic refraction experiments CELEBRATION 2000, ALP 2002 and SUDETES 2003

A series of kinematic inversions based on robust non-linear optimization approach were performed using travel time data from a series of seismic refraction experiments: CELEBRATION 2000, ALP 2002 and SUDETES 2003. These experiments were performed in Central Europe from 2000 to 2003. Data from 8 profiles (CEL09, CEL10, Alp01, S01, S02, S03, S04 and S05) were processed in this study. The goal of this work was to find seismic velocity models yielding travel times consistent with observed data. Optimum 2D inhomogeneous isotropic P-wave velocity models were computed. We have developed and used a specialized two-step inverse procedure. In the first “parametric” step, the velocity model contains interfaces whose shapes are defined by a number of parameters. The velocity along each interface is supposed to be constant but may be different along the upper and lower side of the interface. Linear vertical interpolation is used for points in between interfaces. All parameters are searched for using robust non-linear optimization (Differential Evolution algorithm). Rays are continuously traced by the bending technique. In the second “tomographic” step, small-scale velocity perturbations are introduced in a dense grid covering the currently obtained velocity model. Rays are fixed in this step. Final velocity models yield travel time residuals comparable to typical picking errors (RMS ∼ 0.1 s). As a result, depth-velocity cross-sections of P waves along all processed profiles are obtained. The depth range of the models is 35–50 km, the velocity varies in the range 3.5–8.2 km/s. Lowest velocities are detected in near-surface depth sections crossing sedimentary formations. The middle crust is generally more homogeneous and has typical P wave velocity around 6 km/s. Surprisingly the lower crust is less homogeneous and the computed velocity is in the range 6.5–7.5 km/s. The MOHO is detected in the depth ≈30–45 km.     

SDS变性剂对杂色鲍碱性磷酸酶的活力与构象的影响

以十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为变性剂，研究其对杂色鲍碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活力的影响，结果表明酶的剩余活力随着SDS浓度增高而下降，但当下降到67％时，随着SDS浓度增高，酶活力几乎不再发生明显变化．这说明杂色鲍ALP对SDS具有高度的耐受性．研究SDS对杂色鲍ALP的pH稳定性的影响，发现该酶的pH稳定性区域由5．9-10．0区域漂移到7．6～10．6区域，显示酶的pH稳定性往碱性区域偏移．进一步以荧光和紫外光谱为监测手段，研究杂色鲍ALP经SDS微扰后的分子构象变化情况．其结果表明随着SDS浓度增高，荧光发射强度逐渐发生变化，但发射峰未发生明显变化；紫外吸收强度发生变化，但吸收峰也未发生明显变化．这说明该酶活性中心对SDS变性剂并不敏感．这在以往文献中未见过报道．     

VC对河蟹血清和组织中超氧化物歧化酶及磷酸酶活性的影响

研究了饲料中添加不同含量VC 对河蟹体内超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)和酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)活性的影响 .结果表明 ,饲料中不添加VC 时 ,河蟹肝胰腺、卵巢、血清和肌肉各组织中SOD、ALP和ACP活性各异 ,其中SOD活性大小顺序为肝胰腺 >卵巢 >血清 >肌肉 ,ALP活性顺序为肝胰腺 >血清 >卵巢 >肌肉 ,而ACP活性则为肝胰腺 >血清 >肌肉 >卵巢 .饲料中VC 添加量分别 2 .5× 1 0 - 3 、5.0×1 0 - 3 、1 0 .0× 1 0 - 3 和 1 5.0× 1 0 - 3 (m m)时 ,与对照组相比 ,河蟹不同组织中SOD活性显著下降 (p <0 .0 5或 p <0 .0 1 ) ,而ALP、ACP这两种酶的活性却显著升高 (p <0 .0 5或 p <0 .0 1 ) .但它们的变化幅度不同 ,其中就肝胰腺、卵巢、血清和肌肉中SOD活性而言 ,VC 添加量为 1 5.0× 1 0 - 3 (m m )饲料组分别比对照组的低1 41 .3 4 %、1 2 5.94%、1 1 6.67%和 1 1 5.79%;ALP活性 ,VC 添加量为 1 0 .0× 1 0 - 3(m m)饲料组分别比对照组高 93 .0 %、77.5%、1 66.3 %和 2 66.4%;ACP活性 ,VC的添加量为 1 5.0× 1 0 - 3 (m m)饲料组分别比对照组高 1 3 0 .7%、2 3 7.4%、43 7.6%和 2 65.5%.饲料中VC 添加量为 (5.0～ 1 0 .0 )× 1 0 - 3 (m m )时 ,可有效地增强河蟹非特异性免疫能力 .此外 ,本实验还就VC     

VE对河蟹血清和组织中超氧化物歧化酶及磷酸酶活性的影响

通过投喂添加VE 量分别为 0、0 .1× 1 0 - 3 、0 .2× 1 0 - 3 、0 .4× 1 0 - 3 、0 .6× 1 0 - 3(m m)的 5种实验饲料饲养河蟹 6 0d ,以探讨VE 对其体内SOD、ALP和ACP等酶活性的影响 .结果表明 ,饲料中未添加VE 时 ,河蟹血清、肝胰腺、卵巢和肌肉各组织中SOD、ALP和ACP活性各异 ,其中SOD的活性从高到低依次为肝胰腺 >卵巢 >血清 >肌肉 ,ALP活性的为肝胰腺 >血清 >卵巢 >肌肉 ,而ACP活性则是肝胰腺 >血清 >肌肉 >卵巢 .饲料中添加VE 时 ,与对照组相比 ,各组织中SOD活性随着VE添加量的升高而显著降低 ( p <0 .0 5或 p <0 .0 1 ) ;ALP和ACP活性则随着VE 添加量的增加而显著升高 ( p <0 .0 5或 p <0 .0 1 ) .这表明VE 作为天然抗氧化剂在河蟹体内发挥了很大的作用 ,并促进机体的新陈代谢 ,从而增强机体的非特异性免疫力 .VE 作为免疫刺激剂能有效地增强河蟹的非特异性免疫能力 ,能有效发挥其增强河蟹免疫功能的VE 适宜添加量为 ( 0 .2～ 0 .4)× 1 0 - 3(m m) .