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黑色素皮质素受体-4(Melanocortin reporter-4,MC4R)是G蛋白偶联受体超家族成员,在能量调控中发挥重要作用。本实验采用同源克隆以及染色体步移对缩骨鲫(Carassius auratus sogu var.)MC4R基因进行克隆,对其核苷酸序列和推测的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,通过Real-time PCR对其m RNA组织分布进行研究,并对缩骨鲫MC4R编码区潜在的与生长相关的SNPs进行筛选。本实验克隆MC4R基因组基因长度为2854bp,只包含一个外显子,长度为981bp,共编码326个氨基酸,MC4R共有七个跨膜结构,是较为稳定的疏水蛋白。缩骨鲫MC4R与鲫鱼的MC4R氨基酸序列的同源度最高达到99.3%,与MC3R和MC5R同源度相对其他MCRs成员较高。缩骨鲫MC4R m RNA在脑中表达量最为显著,眼中次之,肌肉,卵巢和肾脏中表达较少,在鳃、肠、心脏和肝胰腺中微量表达。在MC4R的CDs区内检测到6个与生长潜在相关的SNPs:两个错义突变(A199G和A881C),4个同义突变(A123G,C231T,A444G和C480T)。本实验可为缩骨鲫生长和发育的分子机制研究以及遗传育种提供基础资料。 相似文献
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Wnt基因家族编码一类保守的分泌型糖蛋白,广泛参与细胞分化与增殖、细胞运动、凋亡、免疫调控以及色素生成等生物学过程。本研究鉴定了一个长牡蛎Wnt家族基因——CgWnt5b,比较了黑、白壳色长牡蛎中CgWnt5b转录水平的表达情况,并对其在调控黑色素生成方面的功能进行初步研究。研究结果显示,CgWnt5b编码序列全长1116 bp,编码371个氨基酸。生物信息学分析预测CgWnt5b蛋白相对分子量为42 KDa,等电点为9.28。对CgWnt5b与哺乳动物Wnt基因家族19个成员进行系统发育分析,确定了CgWnt5b为哺乳动物Wnt5a和Wnt5b的同源基因。荧光实时定量PCR检测长牡蛎外套膜、鳃、消化腺、闭壳肌、性腺、唇瓣以及血淋巴组织中CgWnt5b的mRNA分布,结果显示,CgWnt5b在外套膜、闭壳肌和唇瓣组织中的相对表达水平较高,在消化腺、鳃、血淋巴和性腺组织中相对表达量较低。黑壳长牡蛎中CgWnt5b mRNA表达量显著低于白壳长牡蛎,且siRNA敲降CgWnt5b的表达后,多个黑色素生成相关酪氨酸酶基因的表达显著上调。综上,本研究在长牡蛎中鉴定了一个Wnt家族成员CgWnt5b,可能通过抑制黑色素生成关键基因TYR的表达抑制长牡蛎中黑色素的生成。 相似文献
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从山东近海海域沉积物的微生物筛选中获得了一株高产胞外黑色素的菌株QJNY82,通过对该菌株菌落形态特征观察、生理生化检验及16S rDNA序列测定,初步确定该菌株为发光杆菌属细菌.通过对菌株QJNY82的胞外产物进行红外光谱分析,得到该细菌的胞外产物为黑色素,纯化后的黑色素的红外光谱图与标准黑色素(SIGMA)的红外光谱图一致,且该细菌所产黑色素的理化性质与标准黑色素具有一致性.该海洋菌株具有产黑色素速度快,产量高且不需要L-酪氨酸诱导的特点,而且经L-酪氨酸诱导后,可显著提高菌株QJNY82胞外黑色素的产量,在L-酪氨酸的含量为0.75 g/dm3、盐度为30、pH值为8.0、温度为28℃的条件下,菌株黑色素产量是未加L-酪氨酸的3.5倍,其产量达1.325g/dm3.鉴于菌株QJNY82具有产黑色素的特性,将成为发光杆菌属的一个新的菌种资源. 相似文献
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白刺参,浅青刺参,深青刺参和紫刺参色素组成及黑色素含量的比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka), is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to consumers. Identification of the pigments that may contribute to the formation of different color morphs of sea cucumbers will provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of desirable color morphs. In this study,sea cucumbers were divided into four categories according to their body color: white, light green, dark green, and purple. The pigment composition and contents in the four groups were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The results show that the pigment contents differed significantly among the white, lightgreen, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers, and there were fewer types of pigments in white sea cucumber than in the other color morphs. The only pigments detected in white sea cucumbers were guanine and pteroic acid.Guanine and pteroic acid are structural colors, and they were also detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. Every pigment detected, except for pteroic acid, was present at a higher concentration in purple morphs than in the other color morphs. The biological color pigments melanin, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein were detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. While progesterone and lycopene,which are also biological color pigments, were not detected in any of the color morphs. Melanin was the major pigment contributing to body color, and its concentration increased with deepening color of the sea cucumber body. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that white sea cucumbers had the fewest epidermal melanocytes in the body wall, and their melanocytes contained fewer melanosomes as well as non-pigmented pre-melanosomes. Sea cucumbers with deeper body colors contained more melanin granules. In the body wall of dark-green and purple sea cucumbers, melanin granules were secreted out of the cell. The results of this study provide evidence for the main factors responsible for differences in coloration among white, light-green, darkgreen, and purple sea cucumbers, and also provide the foundation for further research on the formation of body color in sea cucumber, A. japonicus. 相似文献
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黑鲷造血组织中黑色素巨噬细胞发育过程的超微结构观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用电镜技术研究了黑鲷造血组织中黑色素巨噬细胞发育过程的超微结构变化.结果表明:黑鲷头肾、体肾、脾脏及肝脏造血组织中存在着两类黑色素巨噬细胞,即非典型黑色素巨噬细胞和典型黑色素巨噬细胞.非典型黑色素巨噬细胞的胞质中不含有典型的黑色素体,但含有一些大型或巨型的圆形或椭圆形浓染颗粒.非典型黑色素巨噬细胞根据其超微结构特点不同,又可分四型,即Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型非典型黑色素巨噬细胞.典型黑色素巨噬细胞的特征就是其胞质中含有典型的极度嗜染的黑色素体,并且这类细胞可进一步发育形成黑色素巨噬细胞中心.在研究中还非常明确地观察到了不同类型黑色素巨噬细胞的前体细胞,这些前体细胞的超微结构存在较大差异.由观察结果可知,黑鲷造血组织中存在着不同种类的黑色素巨噬细胞,这些细胞是由不同类型的前体细胞发育而来. 相似文献
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条斑星鲽免疫器官个体发生的组织学观察 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
应用石蜡切片技术和显微观察法,对从孵化后到变态完成(55~60日龄)的条斑星鲽(Verasper moseri Jordan et Gilbert)仔稚幼鱼早期发育中免疫系统的组织结构进行了研究,描述了个体发育过程中的组织学结构特征。实验表明;在13~15℃,条斑星鲽免疫器官原基出现的先后顺序为肾脏、脾脏和胸腺。孵化后即出现肾脏原基,8日龄和12日龄分别出现脾脏和胸腺原基;而免疫器官淋巴化的先后顺序较为特殊,首先淋巴化的器官是头肾,其次为胸腺和脾脏,不同于大多数海水鱼类。在其免疫器官发生后期除头肾和脾脏外,在胸腺中同样出现黑色素巨嗜细胞中心,虽然在数量和形态上不如头肾和脾脏丰富。作者通过对条王醺星鲽免疫器官发生过程研究,初步了解了其免疫器官发生,成熟过程以及特点,为进一步开展条斑星鲽的规模化养殖,以及人工疫苗的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献