印度洋与南亚、西亚沿海的海洋战略角逐（下）

美国对印度洋地区的掌控能力明显增强 在冷战时期，美国就在印度洋地区布有海外军事基地。美国印度洋基地群以迪戈加西亚基地为核心，辐射至印度洋沿岸各港口，特别是阿拉伯湾、波斯湾和红海地区。迪戈加西亚地处印度洋中心位置，是印度洋空中和海上交通枢纽，战略地位十分重要。自1971年美国海军从英军手中接管以来，     

Contrast between the Climatic States of the Warm Pool in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific Ocean

Based on the analysis of Levitus data, the climatic states of the warm pool in the Indian Ocean (WPIO) and in the Pacific Ocean (WPPO) are studied. It is found that WPIO has a relatively smaller area, a shallower bottom and a slightly lower seawater temperature than those of WPPO. The horizontal area at different depths, volumes, central positions, and bottom depths of both WPIO and WPPO show quite apparent signals of seasonal variation. The maximum amplitude of WPIO surface area‘s seasonal variation is 58% larger over the annual mean value. WPIO‘s maximum volume variation amplitude is 66% larger over the annual mean value. The maximum variation amplitudes of the surface area and volume of WPPO are 20.9% and 20.6% larger over the annual mean value respectively. WPIO and WPPO show different temporal and spatial characteristics mainly due to the different wind fields and restriction of ocean basin geometry. For instance, seasonal northern displacement of WPIO is, to some extent, constrained by the basin of the Indian Ocean, while WPPO moves relatively freely in the longitudinal direction. The influence of WPIO and WPPO over the atmospheric motion must be quite different.     

我国西北高原盆地全新世沉积与环境变迁

本文通过对我国西北高原、盆地全新世黄土、古土壤、风沙层,冰缘层、冰碛层、盐(?)沉积、人类聚落位置迁移,植被演变等系统分析,论证了全新世气候和环境变化规律。认为(?)新世包含六个气候变化阶段,构成了三个冷干——暖湿气候旋回,每一旋回的周期大约为3600或3700年。     

南印度洋SST与南亚季风环流年代际变化的研究

利用美国NCEP全球大气再分析资料和JONES全球海表面温度异常(SSTA)资料，分析了南印度洋SSTA和南亚季风环流年代际变化的特征。研究发现，无论是南印度洋副热带海水辐合区的SST还是赤道以北非洲西海岸附近上升运动海区的SST的长期变化趋势，除了准3-5年的变化以外，还存在着明显的年代际的变化。对于全球最显著南亚季风环流的分析表明，南亚季风环流也存在明显的年代际时间尺度的变化。与南太平洋SST的年代际变化相比，南印度洋SST的变化周期要相对短一些。通过分析南半球冷空气年代际活动的特征发现，冷空气与南印度洋SST年代际时间尺度的变化具有密切的联系。     

基于EOF分析对南海西北海域水体光谱特性的研究

This study presents an analysis of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing reflectance(R_(rs)) in northwestern South China Sea based on the in situ optical and water quality data for August 2018.R_(rs)was initially divided into four classes,classes A to D,using the max-classification algorithm,and the spectral properties of whole R_(rs) were characterized using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis.Subsequently,the dominant factors in each EOF mode were determined.The results indicated that more than 95% of the variances of R_(rs) are partly driven by the back-scattering characteristics of the suspended matter.The initial two EOF modes were well correlated with the total suspended matter and back-scattering coefficient.Furthermore,the first EOF modes of the four classes of R_(rs)(A-D R_(rs)-EOF_1) significantly contributed to the total variances of each R_(rs) class.In addition,the correlation coefficients between the amplitude factors of class A-D R_(rs)-EOF_1 and the variances of the relevant water quality and optical parameters were better than those of the unclassified ones.The spectral shape of class AR_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM).The spectral shape of class B R_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of CDOM since it exhibited a high correlation with the absorption coefficient of CDOM(a_g(λ)),whereas the spectral shape of class C R_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the back-scattering characteristics but not affected by the suspended matter.The spectral shape of class D R_(rs)-EOF_1 exhibited a relatively good correlation with all the water quality parameters,which played a significant role in deciding its spectral shape.     

西北婆罗州深水区：活动褶皱冲断带中的烃类聚集

在西北婆罗州深水区，一个活动的海上褶皱冲断带内拥有大量已经证实的烃类聚集，相信继续的勘探活动还会发现相当可观的油气。在新近纪大规模褶皱冲断带中发现典型的圈闭几何形态是上盘背斜、前陆褶皱及隆起和逆断层下盘错动断开处。商业性钻井目标位于变形的中新统和上新统沉积地层中，其中充满的油气来自现今仍然活跃的含油气系统。此处主要面临的问题是避免钻探活动变形和近期隆起期间烃类已经排出的圈闭。构造变形阶段研究列出了控制圈闭形成史和烃类保存史的一些关键要素。本文目的是提供一个有关西北婆罗州深水区褶皱冲断带的总体看法，为今后这一地区的油气勘探介绍一些重要结果。     

印度洋东部金枪鱼延绳钓渔业研究--大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)的生物学特征

根据作者在印度洋东部海域的延绳钓生产实践,对渔获的大眼金枪鱼群体的群体构成、摄食、繁殖等基本生物学特征进行了初步探讨.结果表明,渔获群体由纯重10～115kg、叉长80～195cm个体组成,纯重与叉长关系式w=2.000×10-5×L2.969;渔获物以3～5龄个体为主,雄性个体所占比例明显高于雌性个体,且随年龄增长雄性个体所占比例逐步提高.鱼群在该海域产卵期较长,不同年龄组性腺发育节律有明显差异.     

印度洋中央海盆的海底热流与构造

本文对印度洋中央海盆的构造格架和地球物理场的特征进行了研究。对作者在《ＭＣＴИСЛａＢ，ＫａЛДЪШ院士》号科学考察船第２０航次中所取得的该海盆热流正常分布特征的热流数据以及文献资料中的热流数据进行了分析，并指出构造形变带的地热特点。在已完成的模拟基础上所得出的结论是，当印度－澳大利亚板块与欧亚板块碰撞之后，在印度－澳大利亚板块不断增强挤压的情况下，受地悫强烈构造活动性制久的蛇纹岩的侵入上升，或许