商业平板式超滤膜包完整性检验：对海洋胶体生物地球化学研究的启示

The performance and integrity of a cassette cross-flow ultrafilter(Pellicon 2, Millipore) are examined with a suite of macromolecules of different molecular masses. The retention coefficient during the cross-flow ultrafiltration experiments increases with increasing molecular mass and reaches 90% with 10 kDa dextran in both milli-Q water and ultrafiltered seawater media. Based on a 90% retention coefficient, the molecular mass cut-off for the ultrafiltration membrane is defined at 10 kDa, which is ten times(1 kDa) that rated by the manufacturer. To further validate the accuracy of the laboratory calibration, the samples from the lower Zhujiang River and the Jiulong River Estuary are ultrafiltered with the cassette ultrafiltration membrane and the colloidal organic carbon abundances in these samples are quantified with the ultrafiltration permeation model based on time series permeation subsamples. The colloidal organic carbon abundances are 5.8%–21.1% in the Jiulong River Estuary and 5.6%–11.0% in the lower Zhujiang River. These are consistent with the reported values for both estuaries as well as with the colloidal organic carbon abundances in marine environments over the coastal and open oceans with 10 kDa cut-off membranes. Therefore, these field data support the laboratory calibration result and indicate the validity of the experimental and quantification procedure adopted. The discrepancy between the nominal molecular mass cut-off and the actual pore size of the ultrafiltration membrane should be of great concern for research in colloidal and nanoparticle biogeochemistry. Careful examination of the membrane integrity should be taken during ultrafiltration experiments in order to avoid misleading molecular mass cut-off information.     

海藻酸钠/聚砜复合纳滤膜的研究

应用海藻酸钠作为表面活性层材料,以戊二醛为交联剂,以聚砜超滤膜为支撑层,制备了1种新型荷负电纳滤膜。研究了复合纳滤膜的制备影响因素及操作条件对膜性能的影响,结果表明当海藻酸钠的浓度为2.0%,戊二醛溶液的浓度为0.9%,30℃下交联4 h条件下制备的复合膜的膜性能(截留率)最好。实验结果表明:对1 000 mg.L-1的Na2SO4,MgSO4,NaCl和MgCl2盐溶液的截留率分别为87.2%,21.5%,32.0%,12.2%,通量依次为30.6,35.2,33.5,22.4 L.h-1.m-2。     

膜技术在水产养殖废水处理中的应用进展

<正>随着我国工厂化养殖业的飞速发展,养殖规模与日俱增,如何实现养殖废水的有效循环使用,避免由此导致的水生态环境问题引起广泛关注。由于养殖过程中需向水体中投放饵料和化学品,作为养殖生物的营养和消毒剂,所以养殖废水中除含有剩余饵料外,还含有化学物质及富含氮、磷的养殖生物排泄物等有害物质。若不处理直接排放,可加剧邻近水域富营养     

基于总有机碳法的超滤膜截留性能测定研究

随着超滤技术在海水淡化预处理的应用推广,其性能检测和质量控制已引起广泛关注。截留性能是判断超滤膜质量优劣的主要指标,科学、准确测量截留性能对超滤膜研发、生产及应用具有重要意义。本文以葡聚糖为超滤膜截留性能测试基准物,研究了总有机碳法测定水溶液中的葡聚糖浓度,并计算超滤膜对葡聚糖的截留率。结果表明,水溶液中的葡聚糖浓度与总有机碳测试峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数R达到0.999以上,回收率为89.1%～108%,相对标准偏差为0.3%～2.7%,超滤膜截留率测试结果与现行标准中规定的浊度法一致。方法具有操作简便、重现性好、灵敏度高、稳定可靠等优点,适用于超滤膜截留性能测试。     

反射红外光谱法研究改性超滤膜

采用漫反射及衰减全反射红外技术,快速鉴定酞侧基聚砜膜的改性水平,得到了磺化后－ＳＯ３Ｈ基团的红外光谱差谱。