亲爱的,我想变成一块化石

公园大道上游客的脚印能存留多久？沙滩上那个嬉戏孩童的脚印明天是否还在？我时常在想一个问题：我死后能在化石记录中留下一点点印记吗？化石可不单是骸骨。它也可以是生物体实际形态的一部分,比如一副骨架,或炭化的植物遗骸;化石也可以是一个生物体在很久以前死去时形态的写照,像是河底的脚印,或是树枝漂过时在河底随意画下的圈圈,又或者像“蓝湖犀牛”，那个有1500万年历史的两角犀牛模型，岩浆涌进湖里时裹住了它，随后岩浆冷却，形成了这个模型。     

地球上最成功的生物物种——南极磷虾

南极磷虾，又名大磷虾或南极大磷虾，是一种生活在南极洲水域的磷虾。它是一种海洋甲壳类动物，它的眼柄基部、头部和胸的两侧和腹部的下面长着一粒粒金黄色的、略带红色的球形发光器，当它们受到惊吓时，发光器就能发出像萤火虫那样的磷光来。     

Clean and safe supply of fish and shellfish to clear the HACCP regulation by use of clean and cold deep ocean water in Rausu, Hokkaido, Japan

For the supply of fish and shellfish to consumers in fresh condition, clean handling after catch from the sea is essential. According to HACCP （Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points）, it is important to meet such requirement by keeping fish and shellfish under a certain low temperature and clean conditions after catching. The deep ocean water （DOW） characterized by low temperature and cleanliness has been chosen for fish and shellfish handlings, particularly for salmon, cod, and sea urchin in Town ＇Rausu＇ in Hokkaido, Japan. DOW below 2.9℃ of an amount of nearly 5 000 m^3 is planned to be pumped up every day from a depth of about 350 m, and temporarily stored in a large simulated tank on land. DOW is then supplied to fish boats through hydrants distributed throughout the harbor and used for keeping salmon in clean and cold conditions. Ice made from DOW is also used for lowering temperature if necessary. DOW and ice made from DOW are also used during the transportation of fish and shellfish. The entire system is scheduled to be completed by the summer of 2005.     

物种入侵新途径?

科学家最近发现,甲壳类动物和软体动物可以吸附在海中的塑料上,生存五、六年的时间,最终随海流来到美国西部海岸。我们知道,生活中塑料无处不在,其实在海洋中也是如此。     

Biodiversity and community structural characteristics of macrobenthos in the Chukchi Sea

Field sampling of the macrobenthos from 23 stations in the Chukchi Sea was conducted during the 4th CHINARE(Chinese National Arctic Research Expeditions, July–August, 2010). We identified a total of 140 species of macrozoobenthos belonging to nine phyla, which were dominated by polychaetes(66), crustaceans(30), and mollusks(25), followed by echinoderms(9) and others(ten others, including four cnidarians, one oligochaete, one sipuncula, one priapulida, two bryozoans, and one urochordata). The dominant species were Aphelochaeta pacifica, Heteromastus filiformis, Nephtys ciliata, Nephtys caeca, Scoletoma fragilis, Golfingia margaritacea, Nuculana pernula, Macoma calcarea, Ennucula tenuis, Macoma inquinata, Musculus discors, Echinarachnius parma, and Ophiura sarsii, so there were more cold-eurythermal boreal immigrants than truly Arctic species(endemics). The average density and biomass(mean ± SD across all stations) of the total macrozoobenthos were(916 ± 907) ind/m2 and(902.9 ± 1 227.7) g/m2(wet weight), respectively. Relatively high density and biomass were observed in the samples from the northeastern and southern Chukchi Sea. The spatial variation of benthic communities in the study sea area was relatively large; this spatial heterogeneity has led to high diversity and a patchy distribution pattern in the community structure. Compared to the 1st CHINARE( July–August, 1999), this investigation revealed different degrees of decreases in the average taxa numbers and the average density, abundance, and biodiversity in the area over the recent decade, which might be associated with global warming, human activities, and sea ice variations.     

Fishery biology of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas off Costa Rica Dome

The jumbo flying squid(Dosidicus gigas) population was surveyed with the help of Chinese squid jigging vessels off the Costa Rica Dome(4°–11°N, 90°–100°W) in 2009 and 2010. The daily catch of D. gigas in the two survey cruises ranged from 0 to 5.5 t and was mostly obtained from the areas bounded by 6°–9°N and 91°–94°W and by 6°30′–7°30′N and 96°–97°W. The sea surface temperature in the areas yielding the most catch ranged from 27.5 to 29℃. The sex ratio of the total catch was 3.75:1(female: male). The mantle length of the squid ranged from 211 to 355 mm(male) and from 204 to 429 mm(female) with an average of 297.9 and 306.7 mm, respectively. In the relationship of the mantle length(mm) and body weight(g) of the squid, there was no significant difference between sexes. The female and male were at a similar maturity, and most individuals are maturing or have matured with a few females being spent. The size(mantle length) and age at the first sexual maturity were 297 mm and 195 d in females, and less than 211 mm and 130 d in males, respectively. Most of the sampled stomachs(70.6%) had no food remains. The major preys of the squids were fish, cephalopods and crustaceans, with the most abundant Myctophum orientale and D. gigas. The preys in more than 65% of the non-empty sampled stomachs evidenced the cannibalism of D. gigas. The results improved current understanding of the fishery biology of D. gigas off the Costa Rica Dome, which may facilitate the assessment and management of relative fishery resources.     

甲壳类生长相关基因研究进展

甲壳类动物是需要蜕皮才能生长的一类特殊生物,因而其生长相关基因及其调控机制具有一定的特殊性,这些基因主要涉及到蜕皮相关基因和肌肉生长相关基因。蜕皮相关基因主要有蜕皮抑制激素(MIH)基因、高血糖激素(CHH)基因、蜕皮激素受体(EcR)基因、维甲酸-X-受体(RXR)基因和E75基因等;肌肉生长相关基因主要有肌动蛋白(actin)基因、肌肉生长抑制激素(MSTN/GDF11)基因和p38基因等。本文对这些基因的功能及其调控机制的最新研究进展进行了综述,并提出了未来有待加强的几个研究方向,以期为展开甲壳类生长相关基因更深入的研究提供指导帮助。     

亲爱的,我想变成一块化石

正我风干的尸体可能会变成甲壳虫等居住在骨头里的昆虫的家,它们曲曲折折的行进路线也将永久记录在我的骨头上,这真是不胜荣幸。公园大道上游客的脚印能存留多久?沙滩上那个嬉戏孩童的脚印明天是否还在?我时常在想一个问题:我死后能在化石记录中留下一点点印记吗?化石可不单是骸骨。它也可以是生物体实际形态的一部分,比如一副骨架,或炭化的植物遗骸;化石也可以是一个生物体在很久以前死去时形态的写照,像是河底的脚印,或是树枝漂过时在河底随意画下的圈圈,又或者像"蓝     

Morphological and toxicity characteristics of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens strain PP0201-01 isolated from the East China Sea

The morphology and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia strain PP0201-01, isolated near the estuary of Changjiang （Yangtze） River in Year 2002 and tentatively identified as Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, were studied. The strain was identified morphologically as P. pungens using scanning electronic microscope （SEM）. The analytical results of LC-PDA （liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector）, LC-MS （liquid chromatography with mass detector）, and the toxicity data from mouse bioassay, showed that no domoic acid was produced by the strain. However, the mechanism of domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia species is complicated. More works are needed to assess the toxic species and to evaluate the potential risk of amnesic shellfish poisoning （ASP） in China.