排序方式: 共有16条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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大气凝结水汽汇、凝结潜热作用与积云对流参数化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从引入包含质量(水汽)源、汇的连续方程出发,重新推导出大尺度凝结降水和积云对流凝结降水之水汽汇起作用的热力学方程,从而重新给出气压、气温预报方程及地面气压与高空位势高度预报方程。发现,在此基础上,才能实现凝结3个作用:气块水汽质量流失与气压降低;气块虚温降低;加热气块;和通过大气运动方程,实现大气凝结潜热“热机”作功。这时,对于预报气压、气温场,积云对流参数化方案中的参数在凝结3个作用中保持一致。否则,通过积云对流参数化方案,虽可以近似实现对于预报气压和气温场的凝结3个作用,但不可能调好参数的降水物理特性及其时空分布特征。且对于静力模式预报地面气压和高空位势高度场,不可能实现上述的第一凝结作用。最后表明,当模式分辨率提高到只用降水显式方案、不再用积云对流参数化方案后,则必须引入包含水汽源、汇的连续方程。因在热带海洋面上的水蒸发过程,水汽进入大气将改变地面气压场,且蒸发潜热可分为内潜热(水汽内能)和外潜热(水汽压力能),内潜热立即成为大气热能的一部分,而外潜热直接对大气层作功,使得大气位能增加。文中研究了大气中的大尺度凝结降水和积云对流凝结降水对气压场与位势高度场的影响。一般积云对流参数化方案都已考虑内潜热对大气的加热作用,但还须考虑因凝结与降水造成地面气压场及高空位势高度场的变化,后者应是外潜热作用的结果。在上述研究过程中,必须引入考虑凝结作用的连续方程,且最终可以改变有降水(包括大尺度凝结降水和积云对流凝结降水)发生时的数值预报模式动力框架。 相似文献
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我们认为存在于太阳高层大气中的一种稳定的物质交换,可以起到冷却日冕和加热色球一日冕过渡区的热机作用。还考虑到来自日冕的热传导和过渡区的辐射损失,计算了太阳过渡区的温度、密度和速度分布。并对物质流通量及速度边值与太阳过渡区厚度之间的关系作了讨论。 相似文献
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地震地热说原理与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从地震与火山资料出发,定义了地震柱的概念,全球划分24个地震柱并逐个研究.发现了地幔深部能量自下而上逐层驱动的稳定通道,揭示了浅源地震与中深源地震的差异性、壳内地震与火山的同一性、本尼奥夫剖面的独立性、地震柱活动的间歇性、地震柱的衰变性等自然现象,探讨了地震柱的成因,构成了M型的热机带.同时,对全球GPS观测资料与大洋中脊带的继承性运动和脊轴扩张的比较研究,揭示了当前大陆漂移的优势方向,构成了W型的冷机带.两大系统呈倒扣之势并具有相位差异或许由于地球自转角速度的变更所造成,从而构成了当今地球的地貌差异.冷机带造成大陆漂移的渐变而热机带造成壳内强震和火山的灾变,形成地震地热说的两个研究体系.文中给出了地震地热说应用方面的几个例子. 相似文献
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Seasonal Variations of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and the Thermal Mechanism 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The seasonal variations of the intensity and location of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EAWJ) and the thermal mechanism are analyzed by using NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data from 1961 to 2000. It is found that the seasonal variation of the EAWJ center not only has significant meridional migration, but also shows the rapid zonal displacements during June-July. Moreover, there exists zonal inconsistency in the northward shift process of the EAWJ axis. Analysis on the thermal mechanism of the EAWJ seasonal variations indicates that the annual cycle of the EAWJ seasonal variation matches very well with the structure of the meridional difference of air temperature, suggesting that the EAWJ seasonal variation is closely related to the inhomogeneous heating due to the solar radiation and the land-sea thermal contrast. Through investigating the relation between the EAWJ and the heat transport, it is revealed that the EAWJ weakens and shifts northward during the warming period from wintertime to summertime, whereas the EAWJ intensifies and shifts southward during the cooling period from summertime to wintertime. The meridional difference of the horizontal heat advection transport is the main factor determining the meridional temperature difference. The meridional shift of the EAWJ follows the location of the maximum meridional gradient of the horizontal heat advection transport. During the period from April to October, the diabatic heating plays the leading role in the zonal displacement of the EAWJ center. The diabatic heating of the Tibetan Plateau to the mid-upper troposphere leads to the rapid zonal displacement of the EAWJ center during June-July. 相似文献
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GeorgeM.Lloyd MingL.Wang XuanWang 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2004,3(1):107-115
In this paper we present a comparative analysis of global frequency and local deformation data for a large concrete bridge. The asymptotic probability distributions of the central statistics are presented, and compared with empirical bootstrap estimates. Bootstrapped distributions are calculated from reference data obtained during 1999-2000 and used to develop change-point alarm criteria for the structure, using reasonable sensitivity measures developed from FEM simulations and structural analysis. The implications of the frequency data are discussed in conjunction with the strain and displacement measurements in order to discern if the load carrying capacity of the bridge has been affected. The critical need for more advanced temperature compensation models for large structures continually in thermal disequilibrium is discussed. 相似文献
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本文使用简化全球大气环流模式,研究大气环流型季节特征的成因问题。模拟了两类不同热机在大地形强迫背景下形成的环流型的异同之处,分析了两类热机对大气环流型季节特征的影响程度及其形成机理,从而得到关于大气环流型成因的较为直观、清晰的物理图象。 相似文献
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