聚力“整体智治” 提升六大能力——德清县打造地质灾害防治新格局

德清县紧紧围绕“不死人、少伤人、少损失”的总目标,聚力“整体智治”,充分运用云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能等现代科学技术,扎实推进地质灾害防御体系和智控能力建设,整体提升地质灾害综合防治水平,努力实现从单部门应对单一灾种向多部门联动应对灾害链转变,从人防为主向人防技防并重转变,从隐患点管理向风险防控转变,有效破解地质灾害治理难题,最大限度减少地质灾害给人民生命和财产造成损失,已连续14年实现了地质灾害“零伤亡”,为“平安德清”建设提供地质环境安全保障。     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FLOODING AND DROUGHT CLAMITY DURING PAST 1500 YEARS IN THE HAI′AN REGION，JIANGSU PROVINCE

Collection and arrangement of the historical records of climatic changes and environment evolution,espectial-lyin the aspect of calamities,are made on the history documents of past 1500 years about Haiˊan region,Jiangsu Province.There existed two obvious flooding-drought frequently-occurring periods:one was from 1550 AD to 1850 AD and another was 100 AD to 1200AD.The period of 1550 AD to1850 AD is interrupted by two relatively arid and cold climatic periods:one was from 1630 AD to 1700 AD and another was 1750 AD to 1820 AD.The main characteristic of the calamity periods is that they occurred by turns,and sometimes,both drought and flooding occurred in the same year.The instability of the climatic changes in the Little Ice Age may be the main reason of the frequently-occurring flooding and drought in Haiˊan region.Research results also show that the frequently-occurring periods of flooding and drought is in close relationship with the solar activity,and therefore,occurrence of the flooding and drought may be in relation with the intensity of the solar activity.This hypothesis may need further study in the future.     

对评估勘探设计的数学方法探讨

本文介绍了模糊综合评判的基本原理和数学模型。并给出了在勘探设计评估中因素集、评价集的具体意义及具体的评估过程。最后指出了模糊综合评判在勘探设计评估中的优越性。     

西宁盆地泥石流类型及其防治意见

概略地叙述了西宁地区的泥石流形成条件和形成机理,并将西宁地区泥石流划分为稀性泥石流类及泥石质泥石流种类。在此基础上提出防治泥石流灾害的意见。     

湘西北地区铅锌矿床成矿规律及找矿方向

湘西北地区以盛产层控型低温热卤水铅锌矿床著称。矿床赋存于早寒武世晚期至早奥陶世早期分别受台地边缘相、台前斜坡相和局限台地相控制的碳酸盐地层中。矿体主要呈层状、似层状且具多层性,局部可切层,少数呈脉状。其产出受岩石的原生孔隙和容矿层内构造如虚脱—滑动空间、破碎带及裂隙系统等多因素控制。深大断裂带为主要导矿构造。容矿层不是矿源层,铅锌矿不存在同生沉积特征或痕迹。铅同位素年龄晚于赋矿地层年龄。矿质主要来源于碳酸盐建造以下的一大套碎屑岩建造,部分来自深部和造山带。矿床无围岩蚀变则无铅锌矿化,矿化富集强度与多类型围岩蚀变强度及层内构造空间发育程度呈正相关关系。该地区成矿地质条件优越,在划分出的4个找矿远景区内,许多低工作程度区和找矿空白区里仍具有巨大的找矿潜力,可望找到新的矿床。     

DISASTER ANALYSIS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF LAND SUBSIDENCE CAUSED BY COAL CUTTING IN CHINA

In recent years, many coal-producing countries have paid great attention to the land subsidence causedby coal cutting. In China, because of the dense population in coalfield areas, the land subsidence hazard is more seri-ous. After a brief analysis on the mechanism of land subsidence, this paper gives a comprehensive and systematical ac-count on all kinds of hazards caused by the land subsidence in China. The study shows that land subsidence has endan-gered land, buildings, traffic and communication lines, dykes and dams. It also causes damage to ecological and socialenvironment. In order to lessen the hazard of land subsidence, preventive measures should be taken to reduce the col-lapse amount, such as extraction with stowing, banded mining system, succession and coordination mining system, orhigh-pressure mudflow between rock strata. Measures of reinforcing or moving certain buildings should also be taken toreduce the destructive degree. In order to harness the subsidence land and bring them under control for fanning, mea-sures should be taken such as filling with spoil or fine breeze, excavating the deeper and covering the shallower land.     

地质灾害防治条例

中华人民共和国国务院令第394号公布自二○○四年三月一日起施行第一章　总　则第一条　为了防治地质灾害,避免和减轻地质灾害造成的损失,维护人民生命和财产安全,促进经济和社会的可持续发展,制定本条例。第二条　本条例所称地质灾害,包括自然因素或者人为活动引发的危害人民生命和财产安全的山体崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降等与地质作用有关的灾害。第三条　地质灾害防治工作,应当坚持预防为主、避让与治理相结合和全面规划、突出重点的原则。第四条　地质灾害按照人员伤亡、经济损失的大小,分为四个等级:(一)特大型:…     

中国古代气象灾害（1）

通过查阅大量的历史资料、文献和书籍，对中国古代的气象灾害进行了整理和分析，得到了中国古代气象灾害的一些基本事实、特点、时空分布，以及它们与历史时期冷暖变化的关系，对研究中国古代自然灾害有重要意义。