A CASE STUDY ON CONCENTRATION AND DECENTRALIZATION：BEHAVIOR AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF SPATIAL EVOLUTION IN METROPOLITAN AREA，NANJING，CHINA

In rapid socio-economic development,the process of concentration and dispersal of various elements tends to be more dramatic,tremendously influencing the shaping and transformation of the space in metropolitan area.Survey of spatial concentration and decentralization has thus become a basic method in examining metropolitan spatial evolution.In this research,three elements were selected as the essential indicators of the process:demographic density distribu-tion,employment density distribution and business office location.Performance of these elements in Nanjing City was exam-ined historically.As Nanjing City could be regarded as a representative of metropolitan areas in China,its situation large-ly suggestes the general characteristics in similar areas of China.Hence based on the investigation of Nanjing City,four general implications were highlighted.First ,metropolitan areas in China are in a violent process and shift of spatial concentra-tion and decentralization.Second,from now to at least the near future,concentration will continue to be the central fea-ture.Third,the landscape of metropolitan areas basically exhibits a dual structure character.The gap in environmental and ecological qualities among different districts will continue for a long time.Fourth,Central Business District (CBD) is playing an important role in helping to convert the traditionally single-centered city structure into a polycentric one.     

Incorporation of Perception-based Information in Robot Learning Using Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning Agents

Robot learning in unstructured environments has been proved to be an extremely challenging problem, mainly because of many uncertainties always present in the real world. Human beings, on the other hand, seem to cope very well with uncertain and unpredictable environments, often relying on perception-based information. Furthermore, humans beings can also utilize perceptions to guide their learning on those parts of the perception-action space that are actually relevant to the task. Therefore, we conduct a research aimed at improving robot learning through the incorporation of both perceptionbased and measurement-based information. For this reason, a fuzzy reinforcement learning (FRL) agent is proposed in this paper. Based on a neural-fuzzy architecture, different kinds of information can be incorporated into the FRL agent to initialise its action network, critic network and evaluation feedback module so as to accelerate its learning. By making use of the global optimisation capability of GAs (genetic algorithms), a GA-based FRL (GAFRL) agent is presented to solve the local minima problem in traditional actor-critic reinforcement learning. On the other hand, with the prediction capability of the critic network, GAs can perform a more effective global search. Different GAFRL agents are constructed and verified by using the simulation model of a physical biped robot. The simulation analysis shows that the biped learning rate for dynamic balance can be improved by incorporating perception-based information on biped balancing and walking evaluation. The biped robot can find its application in ocean exploration, detection or sea rescue activity, as well as military maritimeac tivity.     

FITS、BMP和SCR图象格式及相互转换

本文详细介绍图象的ＦＩＴＳ格式、ＢＭＰ格式和ＳＣＲ格式。ＦＩＴＳ格式已经是天文界的通用格式，几乎所有的天文软件包都支持这一格式，而ＢＭＰ格式在ＰＣ计算机上有广泛的运用，有大量ＰＣ软件支持ＢＭＰ图象的显示，处理和打印。云南天文台的ＳＣＲ格式是ＰＣ机采集ＣＣＤ图象所使用的格式。实现这三种格式的相互转换，就可以自由的将ＣＣＤ图象在ＰＣ机和工作站上进行各种处理。转换的包括图象头和图象数据的转换，其关键在于交换数据的高低字节。     

激电偶极—偶极装置在撒岱沟门的找矿效果

本介绍撒岱沟相矿区应用激电偶极－偶极装置的找矿效果。通过对其成果分析和钻探证实：利用该装置所获资料，不仅能从断面上直观地推测出极化体的分布及产状变化，还能从不同深度的ηｓ平面成果中分析出极化体在地下空间赋存状态的基本轮廓。     

面临垂直管理的基层国土所建设

基层国土资源所是国土资源管理工作的基础.近年来,基层国土资源所的建设正在稳步推进,但同时也要看到,基层国土资源所在机构设置、职能转换、人员素质等方面还存在诸多问题.     

丽江高美古的二期选址——望远镜地面高度的确定

在丽江高美古前期选址工作的基础上^[1-2]，二期选址的望远镜地面高度的确定工作于2000年11月3日至2000年12月16日进行，采用30m铁塔的温度脉动测量装置，对6#选址观测点的近地面大气湍流进行反复多次测量，得到近地面不同高度(4-30m和8-22m)上每夜温度结构系数CT^2的平均值，对观测取得的资料作进一步处理和分析，得到高美古6#观测点的望远镜地面高度为13～15m。     

Linux 防火墙的研究与设计

阐述了Linux2．4内核的防火墙Linux的原理，并分析了netfilter的设计与实现，叙述了Linux的动态地址转换，介绍了在Linux下基于netfilter架构如何开发自己的防火墙并给出具体实例。     

基于负反馈的网络负载调度算法

提出一种基于负反馈权值的动态网络负载调度算法。算法主要用在多出口路由器上，其执行效率高，开销小。基于算法的多出口路由器不仅能够很好的保持出口间的负载均衡。还具有良好的出口容错性能。     

光电测光系统的转换方程和精度比较

根据对鬼星团中Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ测光标准星的观测，我们研究了北京天文台６０ｃｍ望远镜直流光电光度法ＵＢＶ测光系统的转换方程，应用该方程推算了对三颗变星观测得到的ＵＢＶ星等，讨论了所得光变曲线的精度，并与较差方法所得结果进行了比较。